Leni Riefenstahls Triumph of the Will

Film/Cinema, with regards to motion pictures and narratives, is a cutting edge visual work of art that has had exceptional effect on our every day life for mankind has significantly been influenced by what it sees and hears through film or the movie experience. It uses the idea of basic narrating by means of a hypnotizing specialized medium and its capacity to impact is established in the usage of pictures/impressions and symbolism. Film has a social too aesthetic function.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Leni Riefenstahl’s Triumph of the Will explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although the interest for inventive amusement is at an unsurpassed high, enthusiasm for the real factors of the world is additionally on the ascent. Narratives address this intrigue since they are contained genuine individuals, world occasions, spots, and social conditions †reporting history, reality. English movie producer, John Grierson first instituted the t erm in 1926. Before 1926, such movies were alluded to as â€Å"actuality† films and went ahead the scene at the turn of the twentieth century too. Like American executive, D.W. Griffith’s film The Birth of a Nation/The Clansman (1915), German producer Leni Riefenstahl’s Triumph of the Will (1934) was viewed as breathtaking/imaginative and pivotal for narrative filmmaking around then. Triumph earned her the award as one of the best female movie producers ever yet generally scandalous. Chronicling the Nazi Party Congress held in Nuremberg (1934), Triumph of the Will (1935) slung the narrative as method of promulgation intended to explicitly contend a point and impact general feeling. â€Å"Documentary film is personally attached to recorded memory. In addition to the fact that it seeks to remake chronicled account, yet it frequently works as a recorded archive itself. Additionally, the association between the talk of narrative film and verifiable truth drives the narrative into unmistakably political arrangements which impact its crowd (1993Rabinowitw).† Triumph of the Will lionized Germany as a common superpower with Hitler in charge as the legitimate pioneer/savoir. This principal topical message can be found in opening introduction †â€Å"20 years after the flare-up of the World War, 16 years after the start of German misery, 19 months after the start of the German renaissance, Adolf Hitler flew again to Nuremberg to survey the segments of his reliable adherents (Triumph).† The initial scene further proves the message with an airborne perspective on Hitler’s plane flying through the lofty mists and over different pieces of Germany. He at last shows up in Nuremberg welcomed by happy supporters. The result of war is a people profoundly, intellectually, and genuinely discouraged and incompetent. Riefenstahl’s progressive utilization of cinematography (zooming focal points, elevated photography, moving cameras , and so forth.) and music (German author, Richard Wagner) typifies this raising German Renaissance which has liberated the German individuals from such a predicament. It clarifies their enthusiasm with Hitler.Advertising Looking for paper on history? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Throughout the narrative German battle ready force, political religion, solidarity, and pride are featured. With these four components as a necessary power, one can't determine a qualification between the German individuals, the state, and the Nazi Party. Riefenstahl energetically denied the film filled in as a purposeful publicity apparatus for the Nazi Party yet rather was a verifiable film told through a stylish focal point. Numerous pundits indicate in an unexpected way. Similarly as Birth of a Nation stunk of bigot negative/cliché depiction of African-Americans and molded the America’s public’s demeanor/picture about race, Trium ph added to increased negative impression of European Jewry and against Semitism. Hitler’s success for German immaculateness exudes from his discourses also those of his included countrymen †Goring, Goebbels, and so on. Could Riefenstahl have been that naã ¯ve and incognizant in regards to Hitler’s twisted prepares? Objectivity has meaning yet truly it is extraordinarily impacted by the filmmaker’s perspective by means of discernments, feelings, and so forth along these lines deciding the degree they can be one-sided or incline their perspective. Get the job done to say, Triumph of the Will confirmed that film can impact just as change how individuals see themselves, parts of their general public/culture just as different people groups and their way of life. Work Cited Rabinowitz, Paula. â€Å"Wreckage upon Wreckage: History, Documentary and the Ruins of Memory.† History and Theory, Vol. 32, No. 2. (May, 1993), pp. 119-137. Triumph of the Will (Vi deo). Web. This exposition on Leni Riefenstahl’s Triumph of the Will was composed and presented by client Kyle Hart to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Analysis of the Preindustrial, Industrial, and Postindustrial Societies Essay

There are numerous kinds of social orders, yet three of the most pervasive sorts are the preindustrial, mechanical, and postindustrial. The preindustrial society is constrained by its farming core interest. Modern social orders use propels in innovation and large scale manufacturing to help a huge populace with three particular social classes. In postindustrial social orders the center movements from large scale manufacturing to mechanical advancement. Preindustrial social orders are principally farming, and in view of this there is little variety of social classes. The creation of products was constrained by the rural idea of these social orders, which allowed for much else. Because of an absence of quick correspondence between networks, the way of life didn’t blend and any mechanical headway was not shared. Rural based social orders were supplanted with mechanical social orders which depended on the utilization of machines to create merchandise. Modern social orders are continually changing gratitude to mechanical developments, so quick correspondence is fundamental. Individuals began living in urban communities and urban zones, and started maintaining specific sources of income. New clinical innovation and improved day to day environments broadened future. Family turned out to be less significant, and the impact that religion once had begun to reduce. In postindustrial social orders the offer of products is supplanted by administrations as the primary type of monetary movement. Information gets fundamental as advancement drives the economy. The estimation of the hands on specialist decreases, as the estimation of talented experts increments. These are the three most boundless sorts of society. The preindustrial society depends on agribusiness. Mechanical social orders use progressions to help a huge populace with specific laborers. Postindustrial social orders center mechanical advancement to run the economy.

Read Harder Recommendations Books About Comics

Read Harder Recommendations Books About Comics The Panels 2015 Read Harder Challenge consists of 26 challenge categories spanning the breadth and depth of all things that may be considered comics. Every week we’ll give you reading recommendations from one of the categories. Books about comics are one of my favorite things! When I was in school I studied comics and was absolutely thrilled that I could make a living digging through these books that I love so much. Along the way I had to read more than my share of academic, technical, historical, and general non-fiction books about comics, and they enlightened me in ways I hadnt expected. If were keeping it  real, theres also an element of interpretation to this particular theme. Who says a book about comics has to be non-fiction? There are plenty of novels about comics, or maybe more accurately, novels that include comics as a plot element. Well throw a couple of those in as well. Understanding Comics, Reinventing Comics, and Making Comics  by Scott McCloud This series of illustrated books  is one of the first suggestions on most comics lovers lips. By illustrating his points through comics illustrations, these volumes delve into the ways sequential art  functions, how we perceive it, and the ways storytelling happens in comics. Not to mention history and the general art of cartooning. Andi Men of Tomorrow: Geeks, Gangsters and the Birth of the Comic Book by Gerard Jones If you’re one of the many nonfiction readers fascinated by the history and origins of everyday things, check out this absorbing look at the early days of the American comic book industry. Jones chronicles the careers of luminaries like Will Eisner and Jack Kirby, but he’s just as interested in the businessmen who saw the potential of the superhero genre and the weird, improbable ways that they sold the phenomenon to the world. I read this book early in my acquaintance with superhero comics, and this look at their place in history and culture did a lot to fuel my interest in the genre.   Caroline Pruett Reading Comics: How Graphic Novels Work and What They Mean by Douglas Wolk If you like smart, provocative, sometimes frustrating but always engaging criticism, try this book from the New York Times comics critic. Particularly worthwhile are the essays focused on individual creators. Wolk is really good at talking about why he likes the things he likes (as opposed to many critics who only shine when theyre taking something apart â€"  a more flashy but ultimately less useful skill). Thats not to say that this is just a cheerleading section. Even regarding the creators he admits are favorites (notably Alan Moore and Grant Morrison) Wolk candidly discusses the things that dont work as well as the things that do. The range of works he talks about is impressive â€"  from Love and Rockets to Watchmen to Marv Wolfmans run on Tomb of Dracula  â€" and while he insists this isnt meant to be any kind of reading list, he may well help add some items to your list. Caroline Pruett Kirby: King of Comics by Mark Evanier Jack “King” Kirby was one of the best. He was one of the fathers of the modern comic book, transforming the medium from an offshoot of comic strips into its own artform. He’s also one of the men behind such classic characters as Captain America, The New Gods, The X-Men, and The Incredible Hulk. Evanier created this book to celebrate this titan of the industry, a story told mostly through visuals, which is apt since Kirby was primarily an artist. Reading through Kirby: King of Comics, one cannot help but see the influence his work still has in every comic book published to this day. Chris Arnone Superheroes!: Capes, Cowls, and the Creation of Comic Book Culture Published as a companion piece for the PBS documentary “Superheroes: A Never Ending Battle,” Superheroes! goes through a history not only of comics, but the whole idea of superheroes. The comics form and format, however, are a central focus in the majority of the chapters, and we get to see the development of superheroes from pre-Superman days through the current Avengers franchise. This is a book that is great in multiple formats; the audiobook features sound bytes from interviews featured in the documentary. The physical copy, however, is chock full of magnificent images that highlight the full history of superheroes over nearly a century. I listened to the audiobook first, but was determined to acquire it in print. It’s pretty. Jessica Pryde Other suggestions from Andi: The Secret History of Wonder Woman by Jill Lepore Alternative Comics: An Emerging Literature by Charles Hatfield Other suggestions from Caroline: The Ten-Cent Plague: The Great Comic-Book Scare and How It Changed America by David Hajdu Supergods: What Masked Vigilantes, Miraculous Mutants, and a Sun God from Smallville Can Teach Us About Being Human by Grant Morrison Marvel Comics: The Untold Story by Sean Howe Superman: The Unauthorized Biography by Glen Weldon Chicks Dig Comics: A Celebration of Comic Books by the Women Who Love Them was co-edited by Panelteer Sigrid Ellis and contains work by Sigrid, Jennifer Smith, and Caroline Pruett Other Recommendations and Resources: Wikipedia has a whole category for this topic! Eight Great Books About Comic Books Wikipedia also has an extensive list of novels based on comics. Three Novels for Comics Lovers (Other Than Kavalier and Clay) from right here at Panels ____________________ Follow us on Instagram for more comics fun. Sign up to The Stack to receive  Book Riot Comic's best posts, picked for you. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

What Is Emotional Intelligence Essay - 781 Words

What is emotional intelligence? How is it defined? Is it simply defined by what Mr. Dictionary has to say or could it run deeper, a whole lot deeper? Is it a joke? Is emotional intelligence overrated period or just to you? Are you sitting there saying to yourself Are you serious? Being able to recognize emotions is considered a form of intelligence? Please. Just the thought makes me laugh. Next topic please! Or, is it far from a joke. Does it carry the same weight as an IQ? Is it a talent? A learned ability? A gift? All of the above? Whatever your answer, perception is key. Your perception is what engaged and triggered your response. Scientifically speaking, the world (the world around you and your inner world as one) is treated as the independent variable and perception as the dependent. So, how one views the world--the ultimate indicator being his/her inner--is what makes perception so. It isn t embedded in your DNA and it most certainly isn t something you were born wit h. A creed comprised of one s own accord with the foundation stemming from childhood. That s what perception is. So if perception determines how emotional intelligence is viewed, what now? What of it? Well, for starters, emotions are difficult. Difficult to express, accept, process, embrace, appreciate, and especially to own. But just as they are difficult, they are wonderful. Either/or, there is no escaping. For every action, there is an equal or opposite reaction. Therefore, weShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Emotional Intelligence? Essay1771 Words   |  8 PagesWhat Is Emotional Intelligence (EQ); Let Alone BRAND Emotional Intelligence? A lot of research has been done in the field of EQ for many years. It s only more recently been brought to the forefront by leading experts-to name a few: Daniel Goleman in Working with Emotional Intelligence, Robert E. Kelley in How to Be a Star at Work and Travis Bradberry and Jean Greaves in The Emotional Intelligence Quick Book. So, what is Emotional Intelligence anyway? According to Daniel Goleman it is the capacityRead MoreWhat ´s Emotional Intelligence? Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesFormally, Emotional Intelligence, commonly abbreviated as EI is defined as the capacity to reason of and about emotion so as to enhance reasoning or rather thinking. It is also defined as the capability of an individual to recognize and understand the meaning of emotions, their relations and use this information to reason critically and solve problems based on these emotions (Dann 78). The first Emotional Intelligence theory was initially developed by early psychologists back in the 1970s and 80sRead MoreOrganizational Effectiveness And What Emotional Intelligence984 Words   |  4 PagesTo be completely honest before starting this class I had no idea what organizational effectiveness and what emotional intelligence was. I read a couple articles, and looked it up online. I still really had no idea about the different com ponents. I simply thought organizational effectiveness was a fancy way to say how successful a company was. I did not know it involved so many (what nurses would call) â€Å"soft science† components. I am referring to the psychology, sociology, and even anthropologyRead MoreThe Importance of Emotional Intelligence at Homeland Security636 Words   |  3 PagesCapstone Project My topic concerns a journey of inquiry into how important emotional intelligence is for personal and professional success and how emotional intelligence can be an asset to Homeland Security as a whole. While I currently realize the obvious value in emotional intelligence, Id like to determine how important it is overall: for example, even though the benefits that emotional intelligence can provide interpersonally are clear to me, I dont fully realize if its such a professionalRead MoreThe Management Skills Development Assignment1614 Words   |  7 PagesManagement Skills Development Assignment was the pinnacle of MGMT1000 course. It has allowed me to asses my strengths and weakness and provided me with opportunities to reflect upon personal experiences in which I endeavoured to improve my emotional intelligence. I am incredibly thankful to Dr. Jean Adams for providing me with a new form of education tailored to my own self-interests. I believe I have transformed into a better round ed individual thank to the various opportunities that were dawnedRead MoreEmotional Intelligence Training For Increased Success1351 Words   |  6 PagesEmotional Intelligence Training for Increased Success The global business environment is complex and dynamic. Everyone working in business across the globe is experiencing stress (Singh Sharma, 2012). Due to the quick pace at which decisions may need to be made, understanding the impact of mood and emotions on decision making is important for leaders (Brabec, 2012). Decisions are made at all levels within the organization, therefore emotional intelligence skills are required for everyone withinRead MoreEmotional, Emotional And Emotional Intelligence1666 Words   |  7 PagesEmotional intelligence is ‘the ability to perceive emotions, to access and generate emotions so as to assist thought, to understand emotions and emotional knowledge, and to reflectively regulate emotions so as to promote emotional and intellectual growth’ (Mayer Salovey, 1997). Emotional Intelligence is the ability to understand, accept and recognize our own emotions and feelings, including their impact on ourselves and other people and to use this knowledge to improve our own behaviours as wellRead MoreIs Emotional Intelligence Beneficial for Effective Leadership?1509 Words   |  7 Pagesare many different definitions of what emotional intelligence is and exactly which components should be included to comprise it. The most basic model of emotional intelligence is the four branch model described by John Mayer and Peter Salovey in 1997. The key concepts included in the four branch model are: emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive emotions, to access and generate emotions so as to assist thought, to understand emotions and emotional meanings, and to reflectively regulateRead MoreEmotional Intelligence And Personal Intelligence1571 Words   |  7 Pagesthe task to explain emotional intelligence, and give two (2) example of the concept. Second, to examine, the concept of â€Å"emotional quotient† compared to traditional â€Å"intelligence quotient.† Third to suggest two to three (2-3) reasons why l eaders’ need emotional intelligence to manage today’s workforce, as well as to speculate on at least two (2) possible consequences should a leader not possess emotional intelligence. Fourth, to explore the elements of emotional intelligence that leaders must beRead MoreWhy it is important to have emotional intelligence in the workplace1600 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Why Emotional Intelligence Is Important To Have In The Workplace MGMT 201 11/21/2013 Introduction There are many different characteristics a person needs to possess in order to be an effective leader and to be an asset to a company. Besides having a high IQ a leader must be able to evaluate a business environment, manage tasks efficiently, promote strategic thinking and innovation, and manage change. All the traits just mentioned are extremely important

conscription Essay - 1031 Words

Non-essential Conscription nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;As the war on terrorism continues more troops in Iraq and Afghanistan are dying every month. The government is struggling to organize the number of soldiers maintaining the opposition in both Afghanistan and Iraq which brings up a popular topic-conscription (mandatory military enlistment). Senator Charles Rangel of New York was the one that introduced the call for the military draft upon the Senate. The draft was revoked and still hasn’t been in affect since the Vietnam War over thirty years ago. Reinstitution of conscription would not help this country right now, it will just make matters worse. It is not necessary to permit a draft in the United States because our advanced†¦show more content†¦All other expenses were spread among improving peace-keeping treaties in Bosnia and Kuwait to increasing the pay rate of the soldiers and raising the allowance for housing for military family members. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There should be no discussion on introducing conscription for all the following reasons: Recent upgrades and weapon systems spent on the military defense; there is over 1.4 million men and women on active duty and 1.3 million serving as reservists in the armed forces today; institution of the draft should be last resort; it will tear this country apart just like the last draft; too many drafted civilians will defy orders and not want to fight, causing problems. Another important factor that the government should take a close look at before restarting the draft is the financial incentives. We will need more money to pay the drafted soldiers as well as the ones already in. They should just focus on retention and keeping the well trained soldiers (who know what they’re doing) in the service. How will the civilians that fall into the draft react to training or fighting when they don’t want to? Why can’t they consider having a stop-loss (when service members can’t get out even if their time is up) or call back the prior military service members toShow MoreRelatedThe Advantages of Conscription1719 Words   |  7 Pagesshown to improve military preparedness, and also has evenly balanced the burden of military service. It also helps to instill a sense of duty into those who serve. From an economic standpoint, there are numerous arguments to be made in support of conscription, including government savings. Numerous scholars write in favor of the subject as well. The government has been debating this topic since the draft system was removed from our country, and many reports written also offer strong arguments in itsRead MoreConscription and Its Negative Effects in WWI1469 Words   |  6 Pagesthen another, the number of volunteering men started to decrease further and further. This rapid drop of soldiers led Prime Minister Borden to establish the Military Serv ice Act, also known as the Conscription Act. This act made it mandatory for men in good condition to fight, to go to war. This conscription had a very bad impact on Canada, going against the freedom of citizens which Canada supported, having negative effects on the families and the soldiers and lastly, dividing the nation into two,Read MoreMandatory Compulsory Conscription For Their Citizens1778 Words   |  8 Pagesassociated with history books. Many great empires have fallen due to conflicts amongst its citizens. There are several countries that are still experiencing effects of war. A lot of countries have enacted mandatory military conscription for their citizens. A Mandatory Military Conscription also known as a mandatory military obligation, the compulsory enlistment of people in a national service, most often a military service.( Webster 2011) This would benefit not only the country but also the citizens thatRead More Conscription in World War Two Essay1659 Words   |  7 Pages The act of applying conscription during the First and Second World Wars have nearly torn Canada apart. The conscription crisis of 1917 was a treacherous event that occurred during the First World War. During this time the relations between Quebec and the rest of Canada were in an all time low in our Canadian history. The Quà ©bà ©cois thought conscription was merely unnecessary no matter what circumstance; while all other Canadians did essentially want conscription occur. The contrast was inevitablyRead MoreMandatory Conscription In The Military895 Words   |  4 Pages1. Attention Getter: 1. Mandatory conscription has left a bad taste in the mouths of Americans since the Vietnam War. In modern day society, it can be seen as slavery and Americans today have become accustomed to the voluntary army system we currently have. For some, the perceived loss of freedom also means not being able to achieve educational and occupational goals, but that is definitely not the case. 2. Reason to Listen: 1. In fact, there are many educational and occupational benefits for AmericanRead MoreThe Conscription Crisis Of World War One1857 Words   |  8 Pagesin World War Two is, â€Å"Conscription if necessary, but not necessarily conscription† (Persico, 199). The conscription crisis during World War One and World War Two had a negative effect on Canadian society. First of all, the Conscription Crisis of World War One, taking place between 1917 and 1918, introduced many important events for Canadian history. Furthermore, in World War Two, conscription is established yet again between 1944 and 1945. This reintroduction of conscription took place for many reasonsRead MoreWas Conscription Divisive in World War One?636 Words   |  3 PagesWas conscription divisive in World War I. The Conscription crisis was one of the most divisive crises in Canadian history and the most serious test of confederation in its first 50 years. It was divisive because the English Canadians were for the war and French Canadians were not for the war. They felt that World War I was a British against European war. They did not want to support conscription because they would be leaving their Farms, They would be leaving their wives and families and theyRead MoreMilitary Conscription (Persuasive Essay)805 Words   |  4 PagesMilitary Conscription Conscription, or more boldly the draft, has not been in place for some thirty years. While some people cringe at the thought of reinstating the draft, others have different views. This short paper will speak of those different views and the reasons why conscription of military service may not be such a bad idea after all. Having young men or even women drafted in the military would benefit everyone. The soldiers would benefit from gaining the knowledge and on-the-job trainingRead MoreShould the United States have Mandatory Military Conscription?816 Words   |  4 Pagesmen from their low income neighborhood should be the ones that pay the ultimate price of freedom? Would the consideration of my solicitation been a little easier had her son and those young men across town been subject to military conscription? Military conscription can be defined as, the massed military enlistment of national citizens (today recognized in the USA as the draft); this concept was devised during the French Revolution. Its purpose was to enable the French Republic to defend itselfRead MoreMandatory Military Conscription and Its Effect on Society Essay1213 Words   |  5 Pagesservice, or conscription, may be as old as mankind itself. Conscription says that during a time of war all able bodied men and women must serve to defend their country. Many people commonly know conscription by another name, the draft. Most governments use conscription at some point in time, most commonly Smith 2 when the voluntary enlistment of soldiers fails to meet military needs. Conscription was a very widespread practice in Europe in the nineteenth century. Military conscription was first

Marine Biome Free Essays

string(52) " has made unique adaptations to live in this biome\." A biome, also known as life zones, consists of all plants, animals, and other organisms, as well the physical environment in a particular area. A biome is characterized by its’ plant life, climate, and location. The climate and physical features determine the boundaries of a biome. We will write a custom essay sample on Marine Biome or any similar topic only for you Order Now A biome is made up of many different ecosystems. The ecosystems tend to have the same pants and animals as neighboring biomes around the boundaries. The major biomes are the tundra, taiga, tropical rain forest, temperate forests, desert, grassland, savanna, chaparral, and marine.Each biome has it’s own characteristics such as the tundra. The tundra is a biome that is located in the Northern Hemisphere of the world. It circles the North Pole and reaches down to the taiga. The tundra has a very cold and harsh climate, especially in the winters. The average winter temperatures is about -30 °F and average summer temperatures is roughly 37-54 °F. The yearly amount of precipitation, which includes melting snow, averages to about 6 to 10 inches. With these conditions it makes for a short growing season of about 50-60 days.In some parts it can be up to 180 days. This is only found in the more southern part of the tundra. Another aspect of the tundra includes the vegetation that is found there and the adaptations that have been made. The tundra is known for its’ cold temperatures, but also its’ limited plant species. The growth of the vegetation is primarily low to the ground and the biomass of plants is concentrated in the roots. Here the plants reproduce more likely by division and building than by flower pollination.Some of that growthforms that you will find in the tundra include tussock, mats or cushion plants, rosettes, and dwarf shrubs. Other examples of plants include lichens, mosses, sedges, perennial forbs, dwarfed shrubs (heaths, birches, and willows), cotton grass, liverworts, and 400 varieties of flowers. Tundra plants over the years adapted to sweeping winds and disturbances of the soil. Another adaptation is that they are short and cluster together to help endure the cold. Also they can carry out photosynthesis at low temperatures and low light intensities.Plants aren’t the only things that have had to adapt to the conditions, animals have had to as well. Animals of the tundra have had to adapt to the long cold winters and to having to raise their young quickly in the summer. Some other adaptations of animals include thick insulating cover of feathers or fur; large, compact bodies; pelage and plumage that turns white in the winter and brown in the summer; the ability to accumulate thick deposits of fat during the short growing season; hibernation; and migration.Some of the animals that are found living in the tundra are lemmings, voles, caribou, artic hares, squirrels, artic foxes, wolves, polar bear, ravens, snow buntings, falcons, loons, ravens, sandpipers, terns, snow birds, mosquitoes, flies, moths, grasshoppers, black flies, artic bumble bees, cod, flatfish, salmon, and trout. Some of these animals are shared with other neighboring biomes but some are only home to the tundra. The tundra is the simplest biome in terms of species composition and food chain.The neighboring biome of the tundra is the boreal forest (taiga). The taiga is a biome that reaches completely across Canada and into the interior of Alaska. The climate is like the tundra in the sense that it has long, severe winters that last up to 6 months. The summers on the other hand are rather short. Although compared to the tundra, the growing season is longer and warmer. The mean annual precipitation is 15 to 20 inches. Throughout the year the temperatures range from the lows in the winter to highs in the summer. The taiga is also found to be very humid.The kinds of plants that have adapted to this kind of climate include needle leaf, coniferous trees such as spruce, fir, pine, and larch or tamarack. These trees are the dominant plant species of the taiga. Some other types are alder, birch, and aspen. Trees of the taiga are typically shallow rooted due to the poor soils, the rocky conditions, and the discontinuous permafrost. The plants living in this biome have had to make adaptations. These adaptations consist of needle-like leaves to prevent water loss, conical shape to help shed snow that may weight down and break the branches, and their evergreen color to help photosynthesis to occur.The other types of life found in the forest are that of animals. Some examples of those are lynx, weasel family, snowshoe varying hare, red squirrel, lemmings, voles, elk or wapiti, moose, beaver, wood warblers, finches, sparrows, and ravens. These are just a few of the animals found in this biome. Another biome of the world is the chaparral. It’s found in only 5 places in the world. They are Southern California, South Africa, Western Australia, Southern Europe, and South America. It has mild rainy winters and hot dry summers.The annual rainfall is about 12-24 inches. In this climate, vegetation such as tall bushes and small trees with dark green leaves exist. Most plants have small, hard leaves that do not fall off in the winter. The leaves are covered with a hard waxy covering, which helps them to burn in hot fire more easily. An adaptation that many plants have in the chaparral is they have an adaptation to fire, which means they actually need fire as a part of their lives. When a forest fire occurs it my kill of more branches but new sprouts and plants grow from the burnt forest.The varieties of the flora are California Lilacs, Scrub Oak, Toyon or Christmas Holly, Mountain Mahogany, Bush Poppy, Holly-leaved Cherry, Redberry, and Sugarbush. This is just some of the vegetation. Some of the animals consist of squirrels, rabbits, coyotes, mule deer, opossums, raccoons, skunks, foxes, bobcats, rattlesnakes, lizards, frogs, vultures, hawks, golden eagles, peregrine falcons, and condors. Each of these has made unique adaptations to live in this biome. You read "Marine Biome" in category "Papers" An additional main biome is the tropical rainforest. The tropical rain forest is one of the earth’s most distinctive biomes.There are 3 types are subtropical, monsoon, and equatorial. The climate has mostly warm, humid temperatures. The annual rainfall is approximately 20-30 inches. Depending on the time of year the temperatures vary. Summer temperatures are about 95-100 ° F and winter temperatures are about 70-80 ° F. Most tropical rain forests are located between 10 degree N and 10 degrees S latitude. This makes the climates for that vegetation found there suitable. If you were to explore the entire rainforests you’d find approximately 1500 species of flowering plants and 750 species of trees.The rain forest contains over 50% of worlds population in plants and animals. It covers roughly 5 billion acres of land. There are 3 layers of trees that can be found there. The first and most top layer is the emergent, which are widely spaced trees 100-120 ft tall with canopies above the general canopy of the forest. The second, middle layer is a closed canopy of 80-foot trees. Here light is available to this layer, but blocks out the light of lower lays. The third layer is a closed canopy of 60-foot trees. This is where little air movement occurs and there is high humidity.Another lower layer is the shrub/sapling layer. In this place of the forest less than 3% of light reaches here. Then there is the ground layer where there is spare plant growth that receives around 1% of light reaches. Some of the characteristics of the tropical trees involve Buttresses (woody flanges at the base of the trunk), large leaves (that help to intercept light), drip tips on the leaves (helps drainage of precipitation of the leaf), thin bark (often 1-2 mm thick), and development of fruits and flowers from the base of the tree. One kind of flora that has adapted to the rain forests is epiphytes.It grows up the branches of tall canopy trees to reach light. The animals adaptations of the rain forest are that they are highly diverse, have arboreal adaptations for climbing in the tree, they have bright colors and sharp patterns, loud vocalizations, diet heavy on fruits, and have camouflage. The types of animals found there are primates, snakes, lizards, birds, insects, and cats. These are just some characteristics of the rain forest. The next biome is the temperate forests. These are to be found in eastern North America, northeastern Asia, and western and central Europe. Here the seasons are very well defined.The growing seasons last usually from about 140-200 days, much longer then most other biomes. The yearly average rainfall is about 75-150 cm depending on the area you are in. Here the temperatures change according to the seasons. Since this climate has such a long growing season you will find many plants. In temperate forests there are about 3-4 tree species per square kilometer. Trees are distinguished my broad leaves that are lost annually. Examples of there are oak, hickory, beech, hemlock, maple, basswood, cottonwood, elm, willow, spring-flowering herbs, shrubs, and mosses.Here the soil is rich in organics, which is great for the vegetation. Just like the rain forest the temperate forest has a canopy. The canopy is moderately dense and allows light to penetrate through. Most of the current forests are probably not the original forest because many forests were logged off and replanted. Additional biomes are the savannas and grasslands. They are located in Russia, central US, Africa, South America, and Australia. They have a continental climate, which means that have the climate of the interior of the continent. Here there it is about 10-20 inches of precipitation a year.It’s usually warm to hot in the summer. In the tropical savanna the mean monthly temperatures are at or above 64 ° F. In both biomes they have similar vegetation. They have continuous cover of perennial grasses and some woody vegetation. They may also have a canopy of drought-resistant, fire-resistant, or browse-resistant trees. These are some of the vegetations adaptations. Some of the animals found in these regions are ground squirrels, prairie dogs, zebra, rhinos, giraffes, elephants, warthogs, buffalo, coyote, and badgers. The temperate grasslands are lower in diversity of animals compared to tropical grasslands and savannas.Most of the herbivorous mammals of open savannas are herd animals. Also termites are abundant in tropical savannas. The next and driest biome is the desert. The desert is located in US, Northern Africa, Australia, and southwestern Asia. It is gets less then 10 inches of rain per year. The potential evaporation exceeds precipitation in the annual water budget causing a problem of drought in some areas. The rainfall is highly localized in the desert. Temperatures often exceed 100 ° F in summer. At night the temperatures dip by about 20-30 degrees making the desert nights â€Å"cold†. The desert is full of adaptive plants.The plants found in the desert are primarily shrubs as the growthform of deserts. There maybe evergreen or deciduous trees in certain areas. It’s typical for the plants to have small leaves. Frequently the vegetation has spines or thorns as an adaptation from animals such as the cactus. Most vegetation of the desert has shallow but extensive root systems. They are used to absorb rainwater out past the canopy of the plant. Between shrubs the ground is bare because the roots release toxins to keep away competition for growth. Plants are able to store water and to adapt to long periods without much precipitation.Just like the plants, the animals are some of the most adaptive. Some animal adaptations are nocturnal feeding; morphological adaptations, which is the ability to radiate body heat and colors that are able to reflect sunlight; and physiological adaptations, which is the absence of sweat glands, dormancy during summer, concentration of urine. Examples of desert animals are many reptile, snakes, lizards, toads, and birds. The last biome is the Marine zone. This includes all salt and freshwater aquatic areas. The ocean takes up about 70% of the world’s area. Lakes and other fresh water areas are found covering the globe.Ocean stays relatively the same temperature due to the large area it covers. Aquatic zones affect the climates of other zones. Since the climate is fairly limited the growth of vegetation is as well. The flora involves cattails, algae, lily pads, grasses, sedges, and seaweed. Other surround vegetation that maybe found in bogs, marshes or ponds include grasses, trees, mosses, and shrubs. Plants are more greatly found in marches and other wetlands. Animals are a very large part of the marine zone. A few of the saltwater animals include sharks, fish, eels, clams, worms, crabs, whales, dolphins, many invertebrates, sea stars, and mussels.Some freshwater animals are trout, bluegills, sunfish, snakes, turtles, frogs, insects, and snails. The different zones with in the ocean are intertidal, peliagic, abyssal, benthic, coral reef, and estuaries. Some freshwater habitats include marches, lakes, rivers, ponds, wetlands, and bogs. All the biomes of the world have climates, plants, and animals all their own. Traveling through each zone you can pick out the similar adaptations of each plant and animal. Biomes are unique to their location, each one of great importance to the world. How to cite Marine Biome, Papers

The Creator Speaking Through His Creation Essay Research Paper Example For Students

The Creator Speaking Through His Creation Essay Research Paper Word Count: 347Prosperos epilogue at theconclusion of The Tempest providesinteresting parallels to itsauthors life. Written near the endof his career, numerous scholarssuggest that it is Shakespeareswritten farewell. Just asShakespeare sculpts a world fromnothing, Prospero authors the eventson the island.Prosperosmonologue flows naturally with theystory and provides a natural endingto the work. He describes the lossof his magical power at thebeginning of his monologue when hesays, My charms are all oerthrown,and what strength I haves mine own,which is most faint. He remainsconfined on the Island because hehas already pardoned the deceiverand does not wish to return as theDuke of Naples. He follows thiswith a peculiar request of thoselistening to release me from mybands with the help of your goodhands. This could be seenliterally as a request of theaudience to clap so that the sailsof the boats will be filled, for hisfriends return trip home. We will write a custom essay on The Creator Speaking Through His Creation Research Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now ?xml:namespace prefix=ons=urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office/Contrast this to whatShakespeare is voicing throughProspero. Now that my charms areall oerthrown, and what strength Ihaves mine own, takes on a newmeaning.Now his plays have ended,and anything more he yearns to saycan only come directly from him, notthrough his characters. Furthermore,the Island or stage Shakespeare ison is now bare and it is time forthe audience to release him and hisfrom the play with the help ofyour good hands. Not only was herequesting release from theperformance, but from his career asa playwright. In addition, theaudiences pleasure fills his sails,or makes him happy. If no one findspleasure in his works then what hesent out to accomplish has not beenachieved. Finally, after separating theperspectives, one can see howclosely they are intertwined. Thisis evidenced through the puns foundthroughout the epilogue. Such asthe before mentioned faint andplease. Just as Shakespearecreates different worlds in each ofhis plays and dictates the actionswithin them.So does Prospero onhis island where he has control ofthe outcome of the occurrences. Shakespeares magic is in the worldhe creates. He is the magician andthe stories are his tricks.

The Bible among the Myths

The Bible among the Myths Introduction John N. Oswalt, the author of the book â€Å"The Bible among the Myths† and he introduces his book by a comparison of the Old Testament, beliefs, and acculturation. John as well explains a great theoretical division while judging the Old Testament against its equals.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on The Bible among the Myths specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of the differences that Oswalt notes include â€Å"essence† and â€Å"adversity†. When an individual speaks concerning the essence of a given entity, the individual is citing the things that compose its practical details.1 Adversities, on the other hand, refer to things that are purely accidental and do not essentially describe the entity. John Oswalt brings the reader into the perception of myth. With the admission that intellectuals vary intensely on a particular description, John affirms that this aspect is not suppos ed to deter the person from searching for an excellent description of the word. With the aim describing the word, John Oswalt lists four fundamental features of a myth. To start with, one of the features is that people possess slight or no intrinsic worth. Another feature is virtual lack of concern in historical researches. Thirdly, is the carrying out of magical and association with occultism and lastly is the denial of accountability for individual activities. In the last section of the introduction, John maintains that theological assertions are indivisible from historical assertions. Reliability of the theological concerns depends on the reliability of the historical assertions. Should the historical assertions be actually bogus, then no acceptance should be accorded to the theological assertions.Advertising Looking for book review on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nevertheless, if the histor ical assertions are in line with the known, then the person who reads the bible must take the theological assertions critically. Chapter One The initial chapter of this book handles the bible with respect to its setting and the role it plays in the community at large. John affirms that there exists numerous of its roles with regard to the manner in which the Western world perceives certainty, with the Bible acting as the greatest contributor. The Greek people initiated a form of thinking that bore weighty influence on the community. Some of their most noteworthy roles include the conviction in the â€Å"universe† rather than a â€Å"polyverse†, plain cause and effect, and non-inconsistency.2 The Hebrew individuals were as well distinctive in their worldview and the impact was almost the same. Their belief was in the existence of just one God, the creator of the universe. God is separately existent from the creation. He found it necessary for Him and His testament to be identified by human beings. Moreover, God awards and reprimands individuals after going against His will. Both Hebrews and Greeks shared common thinking patterns concerning certainty in numerous approaches. The intellectual thinking of the Greeks coalesced with the monotheism, which was embraced by the Hebrews. The conviction of the Greek people concerning the law of non-inconsistency merged with the conviction of the Hebrew people concerning the existence of God as detached and different from creation.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on The Bible among the Myths specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More John raises the controversy that sense was not fully established until after individuals came to the realization that God was not just the creator, but as well totally different from the creation. In spite of the presently supported convictions of the dominance of sense and science with the exception of religion, John af firms that sense and science brings about self-annihilation.3 Devoid of the inspiring creator of the universe to guide the ways of humanity, individuals just appear to serve themselves. John applies Hiroshima and Buchenwald campsite as instances of the accomplishments of people without the influence of God. Chapter Two In chapter two, John tries to come up with an applicable description for myth. Prior to the description of myth, John re-examines the idea that intellectuals have wandered from the perception that the Bible is distinctive from other publications, religions, and cultures of Ancient Near East. From the 1960s, intellectuals have been affirming that the features of the Bible and its current conviction systems have universal resistance grounds although the information employed in backing these grounds has stayed unchanged. The author desires using the suitable categorization to the Bible. Particularly, he deals with the concern of whether the Bible could be perceived as my th or not. In a bid to respond suitably to such issue, an individual must reflect on the numerous descriptions created currently by intellectuals. John names these descriptions and discusses his reasons for deeming them insufficient.4 A particular group of descriptions lies in the historical-philosophical class. The initial description of myth in this class is the etymological description. The weight here is placed on the fallacy of the deity or incident.Advertising Looking for book review on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The second description is the sociological-theological description. As per this description, the reality is deemed virtual and something is regarded as truth when other people have first deemed it as truth. The last description is the literary description. Under this description, the incidents are not viewed as correct or incorrect.5 Rather, the narrative utilizes intense application of symbolism to convey its implication. The numerous descriptions of myth bear a common item at their central point, viz. they all support the idea of continuity. According to continuity, not all items are associated with each other, although they are each other in one way or another. John employs the case of an individual as â€Å"with a tree†. In accordance with continuity, the person is not only symbolically the one having the tree, but the person is a section of the quintessence of the tree and the tree is similarly a section of the quintessence of the person. Chapter Three The third chapter mainly focuses on continuity. The main thing that myths bear in common at their central point is the existence of continuity. The manner of thinking with respect to continuity perceives all items as a section of each other in a number of ways. Some three vital strengths (humankind, the natural world, and divinity) are present on a spherical scale where they all bear substantial and indefinite overlie. John affirms that the effects of a worldview like that are extensive.6 A major consequence is the highlight of searching for indications in nature. Endeavors are carried out at presenting truth from climatic samples such as epidemics, fire, droughts, and heavenly bodies. A different consequence is the application of magic to sway and have an impact on the universe. The final instance from the list of consequences of continuity encompasses the appeal of people on fertility. John applies the instance of the way sexuality is vital to the people’s lives presently based on the conseq uence of continuity. In conclusion, John tackles his perception of the common characteristics of myth bluntly. Except for a few exclusions, all myths have in common that there exists several gods.7 Additionally, myths share the conviction of the application of representations and signs to interrelate with the godly and nature. The gods are regarded lowly and are perceived to be imperfect things. The explanations on creation entail some kind of major argument with the intention of resulting into the cosmos. Lastly, myths share low natural worth set on humankind, which originates from the conviction that there exists no measure of ethics. Chapter Four In the fourth chapter, John opts to discuss features of the Bible. In this regard, he tackles the subject of transcendence where deity (existing separate from the universe) decisively interrelates with cosmos in an intense and supernatural manner. John offers the reader an all-inclusive list of a number of common features. Among the most apparent features of the Bible is monotheism, which delineates Christianity from other religions.8 Aside from the religions that owe their origin to the Bible, roughly every other religion revered more than one god. A major different feature was the conviction of the pre-existence of God. There is not a thing in the universe that was present before God. All things that exist are thus compliant to God who created them all. Most of the creation explanations of myth entail divine being(s) controlling matter in a number of ways with the intention of shaping the universe, as it currently exists. According to the Bible, God created all things from nothing.9 The Bible ranks humankind highly, which is another feature that outlines biblical notion unlike in other religious convictions. This declaration adds up when a human being takes the words of the Bible from Genesis chapter 1 and verse 27, which affirms that God made humans in His likeness. Human beings bear natural worth, they were the climax of the creation of God and were charged with authority over it.10 Different features that outline the biblical worldview unlike other world perceptions is the conviction of God as supra sexual, the forbiddance against magical performances, and the ethical regulations that God commands people to obey. Transcendence could be regarded as the basic standard amid the major features of biblical conception. Chapter Five In this chapter, John carries on the suggestion that the Bible should not fall in the class of myths. John goes into details with the subject of ethics. Two outlines of ethics were supported by the non-biblical world perceptions in the Ancient Near East. One of the outlines tackled the manner in which individuals interrelated with one another.11 The second outline of ethics tackled the way individuals acted upon the divine beings. According to the Bible, ethical conduct was set by God, and thus not subject to the urges of change by the society. Other unique characte ristics of the biblical ethics encompass a single lay down of ethics, universal relevance of the ethical systems, and criticism against others, which were deemed an evil doing towards God. John discusses a number of resemblances involving both Israelites and non-Israelites. Even being alike, John reiterates his conviction that these sections are accidental and not necessary to the fundamental uniqueness of those individuals. Chapter Six Similar to the description of myth, history denotes another expression that has been described in a different way by numerous intellectuals. Even as the description of myth is somewhat controversial, the descriptions of history are not as diverse. John employs Webster’s New World Dictionary of the American Language in a bid to acquire descriptions that he sees as a depiction of the accord. During the early times, there were numerous and different kinds of writings that provided intellectuals with the awareness into the existence of humanity. W hile frequently helpful in the comprehension of cultures of ancient times, John affirms that the majority of their writings are not as per the description of the history. The numerous kinds of non-biblical writings entail omens, king lists, and date formulae just to mention a few.12 Omens try to apply representations from nature to establish the line of action that a leader must follow. King lists encompass descendants of considerable individuals, but frequently highly overstate the information. The date formulae comprises of a list of major occasions in the progression of a community, but fails to connect the occasions in a manner that provides individuals a profound understanding of the culture. Other kinds of non-biblical writings fail to satisfy accurately the state of history due to overstatements and highlights on a person over groups of individuals among other reasons. The people who existed in the ancient times did not employ historic writings. John outlines a number of caus es for this trend. The individuals of ancient times failed to see the significance of writing information for the gain of others because they were only caring of the present situation. A different cause for their failure to make use of historic writing was due to their self-seeking perspective. They were not concerned with removing themselves from current conditions while writing concerning occasions due to the creation of intensely biased descriptions. Additionally, they believed in numerous foundations when simple foundations were adequate, backed by the conviction that they would not have power over their destinies and cared more regarding sustaining order. Nevertheless, the Bible is distinctive in its dealing with historical occasions. It tackles human beings as actual mortal persons.13 The authors incorporated imperfections in their descriptions while non-biblical authors could not reveal the same. For instance, the account of David and the way he sexually sinned prior to a kil ling to conceal the crime/sin. The highlights of people affiliations and selections are as well instances of things that result into the distinctiveness of the Bible and its portrayal of history. Chapter Seven and Chapter Eight The author tackles a number of alarms that are raised in opposition to the Bible regarding its historical authenticity. A number of these issues regard its disclosure, supernatural occurrences, and if Israel was distinctive in these sections.14 The author exposes the manner in which the supernaturally exposure of God to the humankind by Himself resulted into the Israelites ascertaining that they were cautious in guaranteeing that they were perfect in their scripts. Oswalt gives an explanation in the eighth chapter that is significant in the comprehension that the Bible is a historically perfect text. John arrived at the notion of the perfectness of the Bible to some extent earlier in the script, but develops it in the eighth chapter. It is significant to unde rstand the entire Bible is historical. Pertaining to the poetry books, the prophetic books and other books in the Old Testament, they disclose the historical standpoint of the Bible. These sections depict individuals and stretch out their connections with each other, cautious not to marginalize flaws, imperfections, and indecencies. John brings the reader to a greatly shaded perspective of history and divides the description. The wrapping up of this part verifies history in the Bible to be undividable from theology therein. It is from theological convictions that historical occurrences sprout. John employs a perfect instance in the resurrection of Jesus to back this ending. In the book of Corinthians, Paul declares that the conviction of a person cannot survive devoid of historical conviction in Christ’s resurrection.15 Chapters Nine and Ten Chapter 9 tackles a number of alternative perspectives regarding the biblical description as it currently exists. The primary condemnati on is by John Seters and the manner in which he stated that Jewish priests changed the biblical writings probably to suit their needs following the expatriation of Babylon.16 A different condemnation is by Frank Cross in insisting that the Bible is utilized as heroic poetry, but was modified at a particular point to the condition of the Old Testament. The third condemnation by William Dever involves his conviction that the faith structures of Israelites were equivalent to the faith structures of the Canaanites. Additionally, he declares that Christian intellectuals have paid no attention to distinct realities all through history and have instead opted to smear an incorrect description of the traditional Israel. Lastly, John Oswalt discusses Mark Smith and the way he portrays that the beliefs of Israelites originated from the polytheistic convictions of the Canaanites.17 In conclusion, John Oswalt sums up his book in the tenth chapter and essentially reaffirms his major points from t he earlier chapters. The main theme that Oswalt highlights is the one of the dissimilarity between biblical and non-biblical perspectives of truth. The biblical perspective is based on the transcendence whereas the non-biblical perspective is based on continuity. Bibliography Oswalt John. The Bible among the Myths. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2009. Footnotes 1 John Oswalt, The Bible Among the Myths (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2009), 11-12. 2 Ibid, 21-23. 3 Ibid, 24-27. 4 Ibid, 29-34. 5 Ibid, 35-43. 6 Ibid, 48-53. 7 Ibid, 54-61. 8 Ibid, 64-70. 9 Ibid, 71-78. 10 Ibid, 79-82. 11 Ibid, 85-107. 12 Ibid, 112-120. 13 Ibid, 121-127. 14 Ibid, 138-157. 15 Ibid, 158-170. 16 Ibid, 172-176. 17 Ibid, 177-185.

How To Use Google Docs For Blogging And Marketing

How To Use Google Docs For Blogging And Marketing Google Docs is where I do my blogging. I’ve mentioned it before, and listed my reasons, which include everything from interface to how it fits into my blogging workflow for both myself and freelance clients. Let’s not forget to mention that it is free. There are a lot of other places you can do your blogging (Evernote, OneNote, WordPress), and there are good reasons to use them. Some of those tools, such as WordPress, can be extended through plugins to get them to do all that you need them to. But now that you can easily attach your Google Docs into , let’s take a look at why Google Docs is a great place, from both writing and cooperative standpoints. How To Use Google Docs To Simplify Your Blogging And Marketing via @JulieNeidlinger The Writing Experience The experience you have when writing matters. This means the actual writing as well as everything else that goes into writing your blog post, such as research. The experience you have when writing matters. #bloggingLess distracting writing. I love, love, love distraction-free writing. The appearance of the tool I’m using has an effect on how well I write. While Google Docs isn’t technically â€Å"distraction free† (it actually has a lot of formatting options available on the writing screen), there is a strong semblance to it. Google has been steadily adjusting all of its products across the board to a more consistent and user-friendly appearance, and Google Docs is no different. Part of removing the distraction of writing is removing the decisions you have to make to get to the actual process of writing. Google Docs, particularly if you are already a Google Drive or Google products user, makes it easy to get going on writing without having to deal with much beyond a few clicks. Portable writing and copy. Portability is more than a handy feature, especially if you are working either outside the geography of a typical office or outside of your blogging platform. Freelancers and those with writing clients, especially, have this experience. Not everyone is using the same blogging platform or wants to give access to their blogging platform to outside writers. There are two approaches to portable copy that I want to cover: working offline and flexible copy. Working offline:  Using Google Drive apps on your Chromebook or mobile device, you can write blog posts when you don’t have an Internet connection. I frequently write on my Chromebook in the offline mode on airplanes or in hotels without an Internet connection. While you won’t have access to online research tools, you can get basic writing done. Flexible copy:  Yes, Google Docs can export your copy in several formats, but what you’ll probably do most often is copy and paste into a blogging platform. Google Docs does a good job of exporting clean HTML right into WordPress (save for adding the b tag to the h tags). Unless you get really fussy with your text styling, Google Docs has improved a great deal when it comes to copying and pasting text without excess formatting. There’s some additional good news regarding just how portable copy is for users, and  we’ll cover that at the end of the post. Write in Google Docs even when you're offline, then transfer to and into WordPress....Built-in research tools. While doing research with a search engine is easy enough, Google Docs has some tools that make it possible to do it all right from your Docs screen without having to hop into other tabs. Tools: Google Docs comes with a lot of built-in tools. You can access these from the main menu as well. The handy one is the â€Å"research† tool, which allows you to do sidebar Google searches. You can do a general search, or break down many specific kinds of searches (for example, just Google Images or just Google Scholar). If you’re doing all of your writing in Google Docs, you can even do a personal search of your own content on Google. Add-ons: You can grab add-ons from the main menu. There’s a pretty good selection depending on what you need. I have added a bibliography creator, document navigator (for the longer writing projects), one to manage workflows, and so on. Adding them to your Google Docs is done while in an actual document. It’s not as if you can’t do these searches or find these tools elsewhere in standalone tools, but again, if you’re like me, you have enough tabs open at any given moment. Sometimes its nice to be able to do the research in the same place without always jumping back and forth. That’s part of simplifying your blogging workflow. Organizing Your Workflow And Your Work While research and writing tools are handy, Google Docs really shines when it comes to working with others. Whether with team members or with clients, it has both discussion and organizational tools that are helpful. Setting up folders. Google allows you to write a basic description of the folders and files found in your Google Drive. As a freelance blogger, I give each writing client their own folder. I then use the description of their folder to add notes about client requirements, such as word counts, contact information, and other copy specifications. This makes it easier to keep important information straight. For your blogging team, you might organize your folders based on blogging category, content campaigns, or workflow process (e.g. Ideas, In Progress, Review, To Publish). You can use the folder description to alert your team to what that category of content should be about, notes on the campaign from a team meeting, or the â€Å"rules† of using your workflow properly. Even if you are a solo blogger, using folders properly in Google Docs will keep your Google Drive from becoming a huge mess. You may have a folder for images, ideas, for research- whatever fits how you work. The descriptions on each folder are a great place for notes of things you need to remember for any content that goes inside. While Google Docs has a great search function, that’s no excuse to be haphazard. How I Set Up My Folders: Being both a solo blogger and a freelance blogger, I put folders to work. I have the following top-level folders in regards to my blogging: Clients:  I changed the color to red for this folder so it stands out. Each folder inside of it is a client. The description of those individual client folders tells me, at a glance, word count and important client expectations. Blogging: This folder is for my own blogging. I have subfolders for actual blog posts, ideas (blog posts started or outlined but not yet written), and research (where I save PDFs of websites using the Ctrl-P and â€Å"Save To Google Drive† option on my Chromebook). I also have, not in a subfolder, a few spreadsheets (analytics, headline ideas, etc.). I save research as a PDF because sometimes Web pages and ebooks disappear, and I want to be able to reference them in future blog posts. I have a few subfolders in the research folder to organize those PDFs by category so when it comes time to write on a related topic, I just have to hop in and see what I’ve discovered while surfing the Web earlier. I also have a Google Doc in each subfolder where I save quotes and interesting snippets from books and magazines I’ve read, with bibliography. In this way, when I find interesting content even while â€Å"off the clock†, I can still help myself out later when it comes time to write. I just hop into the subfolder on the topic I need, find PDFs or quotes to build content around, and writing just got easier. It’s similar to people using Evernote or Pocket, saving Web content for later. Working with your team. One of the big struggles when creating content with a team is the discussion around the content, versioning controls, and making necessary edits. Having that kind of discussion and activity happen alongside the actual content (instead of in an email with references to â€Å"changes in the fourth paragraph† or something similar) is very helpful. There are four basic ways you need to work with your team when it comes to the actual content you’re all trying to create: Editing: The default setting, when you open or create a doc, is full-on editing. You can change this, though, to suggestions so that the actual edits don’t change the copy but suggest the changes. You can accept or reject those changes with a click. Commenting: By highlighting portions of copy, your team can ask questions and carry on conversations. General review: Sharing the Google Doc with your team is easy, whether you want to give them full-edit access, or just need to let team members in on the content but not have the ability to make changes. For example, your graphic designer and social media manager may need to see the copy but you don’t want them to be able to edit it. Revisions: You can always see or revert back to an old version by checking out past revisions. This control is found under File See Revision History. It will bring up a listing of revisions in the right sidebar, using color to show you what has changed since the latest version. Of course, you’ll need notifications when things happen on your document. Each document has notification controls (all notifications, only yours, or none) so you get an email when someone leaves a comment. You can alert specific team members by tagging them in your comments with @ or +theiremail@gmail.com, but you’ll have to have shared the doc with them, of course. If you haven’t, you’ll be asked to do so. You can also email collaborators on a specific document that you’ve shared with them earlier through the â€Å"File† menu. 4 Ways To Use Google Docs To Turn  Your #Marketing Team Into Rock StarsWorking with clients. There are a couple of ways you can work with blogging clients who might need to approve your copy before it can be published. You can do it within the standard Google Docs setup, or you can use an add-on. Share and review: By sharing your finished blog post with your client, you can give them access. If it is read-only, they can preview it and offer feedback via email. If you give them edit access, they can leave comments on specific parts of your copy. Approval workflow: If you need more to your client approval workflow than comments and edit suggestions, there is another option. The add-on that you could put to use for a more standard client approval workflow is called â€Å"Workflows.† Its aim is to establish read-only versions, send emails to those you need to approve the content, and stay on top of the approval process. It isn’t a perfect solution, by any means, but if you aren’t using any other app or system for such approvals and you’re already doing your work inside Google Docs, it may be an option for you. For most clients, the share and review process is enough, particularly if you’re using an app like where things like tasks and discussion are also happening. If you aren’t using , Google Docs also integrates with most of the popular project management tools (Trello, Asana, Zapier, etc.) and much of that workflow can be handled there. Why Use Google Docs? Why not just use WordPress instead of writing in Google Docs? All your writing in one place:  As a possible control freak, it lets me keep a copy of everything I’ve written in one place. I also downloaded the Google Drive app to my computer so that it is backed up for offline access, too. Easy to rework content:  If my content isn’t locked inside WordPress, I can easily turn it into an ebook or something else. Google Docs is more portable. Flexible for multiple clients:  Freelancers are going to discover that each client uses their own project management tools. Using Google Docs has helped me cut through the hassle of creating content to fit so many tools since most have Gmail and are familiar with Google Docs. A client’s WordPress may or may not be an option to you, depending on the access you are given. Multiple people working at once:  WordPress wisely only allows one person to edit a post at once. Gone are the days of lost copy because someone else was in a post. Google Docs lets you all in, notifying everyone who is in there and coloring your cursor to pinpoint your location in the document. You all can edit live. Cleaner interface:  This is a personal opinion, but I’m not keen on the new distraction-free WordPress. The latest version does not allow for the â€Å"quick save† of the old, but instead refreshes the whole page (as well as some other annoyances). Google Docs saves as you go. Better editing experience:  The editing tools and ability to accept or reject suggested edits right there in the copy is a huge help. No one will miss the agony of long email chains or conversations held in places away from the actual copy, causing you to jump back and for from tab to tab to make the changes. 6 Reasons To Use Google Docs For #Blogging And #MarketingGreat News For Users now integrates with Google Docs as part of an all-in-one editorial calendar feature! You can write your posts- and any other kind of content- in Google Docs, and sync it with . now integrates with Google Docs for your all-in-one #marketing calendar! With this integration, Google Docs is combined with the great workflow tools available in . Freelancers can still manage and organize their content from their end, but easily send that finished copy right to without having to manually copy and paste. That’s exciting stuff! And if this sounds like something you'd like to try for yourself, make sure to download your free 'How To Use Google Docs For Blogging And Marketing' infographic to remember the takeaways from this post.

Food Biotechnology - The Production and Growth of Vegetables and Fruit Assignment

Food Biotechnology - The Production and Growth of Vegetables and Fruits - Assignment Example This also means that customers will not to have to use a lot of funds for food because the cost of producing is less (Liles, 2011). Using biotechnology in both the production and growth of vegetables and fruits has allowed scientists to modify the way fruits and vegetables ripen. Normally, vegetables and fruits continue to mature after harvesting (Liles, 2011). Therefore, they must be rushed to the marketplace and sold fast while they are fresh. Genetically produced fruits and vegetables can be collected when ripe. After they are harvested, the ripening process stops. This gives the fruits and vegetables a longer shelf life than the organically produced fruits (Liles, 2011). These genetic modifications also boost a plants resistance to pests, disease, herbicides, insecticides or even severe weather conditions. Genetic manufacturing has also altered a plant's dietetic makeup, making it richer in various minerals or vitamins than organically produced fruits. In spite of harvesting countless of genetically produced plants, experts still do not have a comprehensible understanding of how these genetic modifications affect the human body in the long run. This is because these food kinds of stuff have been accessible since the early 90’s (Liles, 2011). Monsanto, the main GM seed developer in the globe and the institute that offers most research answers to the FDA, argues that the GM seed is undamaging to humans. Nevertheless, some experts have found that GM plants have, in reality, alter the lifespan of humans. The GM plants have also caused diseases to insects and also altered their cognitive abilities, which feed on these plants. Another disadvantage is that the genes might be transmitted to other crops that they are not planned to go in and lead to difficulties since the transmission of the genes would not be recognized (Liles, 2011).  Consumers might get an allergic response to the food when they eat food that is contaminated wit h the bacteria or gene transmitted via cross-pollination unintentionally.  

Write an essay outlining the strategic business objectives of an

Write an outlining the strategic business objectives of an information system, including a description of its management, organisation and technology components. Make use of diagrams where appropriate - Essay Example This paper focuses on the objectives played by information systems in an organization. It will also look into the management, business and technology components of the information systems. To begin, information systems refer to ‘the set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to support decision making, coordination and control in an organization.’ In addition to this information systems help in the analysis and solving of problems and; come up with products that are new in the markets (Laudon, and Jane, p12). Information systems have roles that they do play in organizations. ‘The network revolution and the internet’ is one of these roles. Over the years, there have been numerous developments in information systems. For instance, there are available software that are very easy to use, people can now analyse huge amounts of data and in an easy way (Beynon-Davies-Robert, & Chris, p134). These two features and many more, enable communication networks to be very powerful due to the computer technology. The internet is one of these communication networks, which is very vital for any company, regardless its size. The internet can connect numerous countries and is a platform for people in different fields to exchange information. Companies are able to use the internet to make business transactions, graphical presentations, documents, among other things. This happens very easily despite the distance between the different parties. The internet has different importance to any company. Collaboration and information is one of these roles. Whereby, people in an organization can easily communicate by the exchange of emails, or even transmitting documents, as reports. The internet can also be used to access information. For example, during a research; or when one requires certain information, they can look for related documents, or even read books online. In addition to

Right to Free Movement in the European Market

Right to Free Movement in the European Market The philosophy The right to move freely represents one of the fundemental freedoms of the European internal market. This general rule on free movement rights under EC law continues to be developed,[1] either due to member state progression or economic and social demands. Although one of the most panoramic in it’s ideals, the free movement of workers has seen several central legal issues arise on various occassions. But exploration of these central issues must be seen through a consideration of the tensions and interplay between both economic and social aspects of the free movement of people from both inside and outside of the European Union. The free movement of a citizen of the European Unon is seen to contribute to the economic progression of the Community as a whole. In the single market the worker is also a human being exercising their right to live in another state and to take up employment without the risk of discrimination and to improve the standards of living for themsleves, and possibly, their families. But for nationals of a third party cases such as Chen (2004), Baumbast (2002) and Carpenter (2002) have meant that as the spouse or realtive of an EU citizen their entry into the Community is a secure one. Further, gaining the same rights of an EU citizen under Regulation 1612/68 EEC. But this idea of border controls and unfettered freedom of movement within the Community is closely interlinked with the posiiton of the non-EC national, whose right to movement and residence under EC law is limited,[2] as well as the contribtuing effect that the members states’ attitude has upon their admission.[3] â€Å"Fortress Europe† Although EC legislation had intended that internal barriers to the four freedoms be eliminated and that only an external barrier (at the borders of the Community) remain, academics have argued that this may not always be so:[4] â€Å"[how] these proposals have been watered down through discussion in member states, in particular in relation to employment, which is an important requisite for the integration of migrants.†[5] Whilst the freedom of the EC worker is guaranteed through Treaty rules and secondary legislation, this does not mean that member states may no longer exercise control over population movements, into and within their territories.[6] But some ECJ case law on Directive 68/360 expressly recognised that member states may have legitimate reasons for wishing to keep account of the population within their terrrtories.[7] The European Union, by using border controls to it’s extremities, has managed ot create a border-free, intra-EU site creating what has been dubbed as â€Å"Communierisation† of its geographical position. Although the EU has been successful in its pursuit of removing internal barriers to the four freedoms, it’s imposition of external barriers (namely, the â€Å"fortress Europe† tendany) are imposing upon those nationals of third parties from stepping into Europe unless they are related to a citizen of the EU who excerts their right to free movement. The EU has long been attacked as an exclusionary organisation concerned solely with the citizens of its own member states at the cost of non-EU citizens residing in the EU, even though many of the latter form part of ethnic or religious minorities and suffer social exclusion.[8] So, it seems that the principles governing the borders of the Community are failing those third party nationals.[9] The â€Å"Outsiders† A vivid example of how â€Å"fortress Europe† had imposed this restriction can be noted prior to the accession in 2004 of many, now, Central and Eastern European countries. Lavenex[10] argues that prior to, and with suggestions of accession for Central and Eastern European countries the, then, current members of Europe had feared large-scale immigration from these countries into their own territories. The EU’s already heavily regiinented rules of external border barriers on trade and migration from â€Å"outsiders† (those countries not members of the EU) where to form part of the accession policies. Meaning that the acceeding Central and Eastern European countries encountered stringent preventative stances to their entrance into the EU on beahlf of the Community. But during a time when security at an intergovernmemtal level is already on red alert due to heightened tensions caused by the threat of terrorism,[11] it appears that migration has become a security rather than economic issue. So risking mmigrants and asylum-seekers being portrayed as a challenge to the protection of national identity and welfare provisions. Moreover, supporting the political construction of migration as a security rather than economic issue.[12] Getting in or staying out? The treatment of third country nationals (besides those who have derived rights through Community family members) can be understood through external and internal dimensions. The external element, namely the issue of â€Å"getting into the EU† focuses on the member staes and the institutions emphasis of immigration and border controls. Yet, according to the case of Wijsenbeck[13], the member states are still able to perfomr checks at their own borders, be them external or not. But this policing of movement draws attention to the vulnerablity of the third country national.[14] But progression has been felt. Through Artcles such as K.1 to K.9 of the TEU governing policies such as asylum, immigration and third country nationals which have now been intergrated into the EC Treaty (as Title IV) , as well as Regulations have now inacted the uniform format for visas.[15] Regulations also cover the listings of third countries whose nationals must be on possession of visas when crossing external borders.[16] Importanly, the area of immigartion and the member states’ stance on the matter of border control is liable to change in accordance with their political climate. The emphasis post-September 11th has fallen squarely on matters of security.[17] Various member states have also expressed concern at the numbers of third country nationals seeking asylum in their territory, so reinforcing their diffculties in gaining access into the EU. The internal dimension of the matter is one which concentrates on the rights of third country nationals already residing within the Community. As there is no stringent source as to their status upon this; such limiteed rights are based on various possible provisions. This can include their capacity as a family member of an EU citizen (as aforementioned) or as employees of EC service providers or as subject to one of the Community’s Assocaition, Co-operation or other International Agreements with third countries.[18] Even though their residence in the EU may be legitimate the general range of EC rights and freedoms, however, do not apply to them. With speculation increasing as to the possible imposition of ID cards within the UK has also been backed by the controversial possible introduction of the staus of European citizenship. This citizenship, which would be conditional upon the possession of member state nationality, may only serve to emphasise the differences in treatment between EU nationals, who possess such nationality, and those who do not. But from an economic standpoint, countries potentially out of the line of terrorist fire have welcomed the idea of third country nationals, especially those intending to work, as being a potential boost to their economy. Yet the richer member states argue that the heightened security risks and â€Å"flood gate† effects that recent accession has had is already having an adverse effect on their economies. Concluding Staying stationaery or moving through the times? But Peers[19] argues that change may soon be on the horizon with the implementation of Directive 2003/109 on the status of long-term resident third-country nationals within the European Union. This Directive was an opportunity to address the long-standing criticism that the EU gives insufficient protection to its resident third country nationals. Already being reported as limited and disappointing in a number of respects. Yet, if consequential jurisprudence reflects its interpretation as being in line with the context and objectives of the Directive, it could make a positive contribution to the status of third country nationals in the EU. This especially as in regards to movement between member states.[20] By common accord, the unity the EU claims for itselff when constituting itself as an â€Å"area of freedomn, secrutiy and justice† has become troublesome. Critics are quick to point out that the area in which freedom, security and justice are to reign is a â€Å"spurious geographical unity†.[21] Yet, even if it were to be accepted that Europe is a geographical union, the fact remains that the EU has agreements with countries outside of this territory (such as the 1963 Ankara Agreement with Turkey), meaning that EU extends its reach outside of this area.[22] One of the main arguments behind the impact Europe is having by â€Å"sealing off† its border lies closer to home. Given that accession into the Community is based upon adaptation of national policies, be them economic, political or social, to those already established within the EU, many countries faced closing their borders to the outside for upholding the principles of preventing illegal immigration. But, in contrast to this member states are also expected to uphold the humanitarian standards of refugee protection[23] and the principles of the European Human Rights Act. With the EU being a figure-head in the creation and implementation of human rights agendas, this contradiction will only serve to weaken the EU’s leading political status. Where member states face penalties for failing to uphold either of these policies, many are at a loss as to which one prevails. These conflicting ideals have obviously affected the manner in which those member states with borders to the â€Å"outside† have integrated the principles into their immigration and refugee procedures. Further to Lavenex’s idea of fear of mass migration by the West, Huysmans alleged that the question of migration from countries external to the EU is a security problem rather than just one of immigration and asylum. As Huysmans states: â€Å"Since the 1980s, the political construction of migration increasingly referred to the destabilizing effects of migration on domestic integration and to the dangers for public order it implied.†[24] Huysmans also alleged that due to such developments as the Schengen Agreements and the Dublin Convention â€Å"†¦visibly indicate that the European integration process is implicated in the development of a restrictive migration policy and the social construction of migration into a security question.† This meaning that access for third country nationals is now even tougher maybe the member states would prefer for the barriers surronding â€Å"fortress Europe† to reamin? The Schengen Convention completely removed border controls and placed stricter contorls at the external barrier of the EU. This resulting in a stronger emphasis on external restrictions and lifting all restirtcions between member states. The Schengen scheme had been directly accredited to concerns over the increase of organised crime within the Coimmunity. But with conerns inceasing still as to the problems of human and drugs trafficking into the EU from third countries and its threat to internal security only serves to push the issue of external border control into the spotlight once again. Ultimately, academic writing[25] has contemplated the responsibility of the EU to uphold it’s policy on human rights and it’s prevention of internal barriers to freedom of movement. But as inportant as thiese priniples may be in maintaining structure and authority the Community should also reconsider it’s position on a global scale when encountering the needs of asylum seekers at their external borders as well as those already residing with them without the claim of derived rights. Footnotes [1] Carrerra, S. (2005) [2] Peers, S. Towards Equality: Actual and Potential Rights of Third Country Nationals in the Euroepan Union. (1996) [3] Craig, P and De Bà ºrca, G. EU Law: Text, Cases and Materials. [4] Binkman, G (2004) [5] op cit [6] I bid 3 [7] Case 321/87 Commission v Belgium (1989) ECR 997 [8] Peers, S. (2004) [9] ECRE (2004) [10] Lavenex, S. Safe Third Countries: Extending the Eu Asylum and Immigration Policies to Central and Eastern Europe [11] Levy (2005) [12] Huysmans (2000) [13] (1999) [14] I bid 3 [15] Reg. 334/2002 [16] Reg. 359/2001 [17] I bid 11 [18] I bid 2 [19] I bid 8 [20] op cit [21] Lindahl, H. Finding a Place for Freedom, Security and Justice: The European Union’s claim to Territorial Unity. (2004) [22] ibid 8 [23] I bid 10 [24] Huysmans (2002) [25] I bid 21

The Influence of Rationalism on the French Revolution

Ben Jorgensen Professor Wakefield English 5 3 April 2013 The Influence of Rationalism on the French Revolution What was the driving force behind the French Revolution? Many people may say it was financial, or political, and while I would agree that these things were part of the force that propelled the French Revolution, I would assert that the philosophies of the Enlightenment were the dominant force that blasted late eighteenth century France into revolution .In his article, â€Å"The French Revolution: Ideas and Ideologies â€Å"Maurice Cranston of History Today articulates that the Enlightenment philosophies were pivotal in the revolutions inception. He writes that: â€Å"The philosophes undoubtedly provided the ideas. † Cranston goes on to write that: â€Å"†¦the unfolding of the Revolution, what was thought, what was said, and what was advocated, was expressed in terms and categories that came from political theorists of the Enlightenment. While many of the Enlig htenment concepts contributed to the revolution, I would propose that the philosophy of rationalism was foundational to the French Revolution because of its reliance on reason, and its opposition to superstition. Rationalism in its epistemology is defined by the Online Oxford Dictionary as: â€Å"A belief or theory that opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response. The Online Encyclopedia Britannica adds: â€Å"Holding that reality itself has an inherently logical structure, the rationalist asserts that a class of truths exists that the intellect can grasp directly. † There are many types and expressions of rationalism, but the most influential expressions of rationalism pertaining to the French Revolution were in ethics and metaphysics. The first modern rationalist philosopher was Rene Descartes (1596-1650).The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy states that: â€Å"Descartes is known as the father of mod ern philosophy precisely because he initiated the so-called epistemological turn that is with us still. † Descartes interest in philosophy stemmed from a fascination with the question of whether humans could know anything for certain. Descartes desired to create a philosophy that was as solid as say the concepts of algebra, or geometry, a philosophy based purely on quantifiable reason and logic.In this way, Rene Descartes laid the foundation for philosophies built on reason as opposed to superstition, chief among them: rationalism. While Rene Descartes defined the terms and laid down the agenda for the philosophy of rationalism, Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) and Gottfried Leibniz (1646-1716) completed the triad for the chief philosophers of rationalism. Spinoza and Leibniz took the terms and agenda of Descartes philosophy of rationalism, and developed their own views on rationalism, both publishing a number of books, and journals on their rationalist philosophies.Although these e arly modern philosophers of rationalism did not directly influence the French Revolution, it cannot be doubted that their general epistemological philosophy of rationalism helped create a new way of thinking in which man was not ordained by God to rule over other men, but that it was through reason of the mind that man chose to be ruler or subject. The French Revolution began between the years 1787 and 1789.It is no wonder that the revolution occurred at this time when the Enlightenment was in its prime, shining light onto the social and political issues of the day with new philosophies like rationalism that challenged the old feudalistic and monarchist regimes of Europe that were built on irrationality and superstition. William Doyle, in his book, â€Å"The French Revolution: A Very Short Introduction,† conveys that the French Revolution was: â€Å"†¦triggered by King Louis XVI’s attempt to avoid bankruptcy. (19) However, while the trigger was financial, the soc ial and political rumblings of the Third estate is what shook, and toppled the old regime under Louis XVI, afterword which came to be called the ancien regime by the French people. Author William Doyle says that: â€Å"In political terms pre-revolutionary France was an absolute monarchy. The King shared his powers with nobody, and was answerable for its exercise to nobody but God. (21) The ancien regime government lacked reason, but was bursting with more than its fair share of divine laws and rights that the â€Å"creator† had set in place in order to insure social stability. In fact, as Doyle points out in his book, this concept that God had set forth a divine law to be followed was directly stated in a document that parliament wrote: â€Å"This social order is not only essential to the practice of every sound government: it has its origin in divine law. (24) The document goes on to say that: â€Å"The infinite and immutable wisdom in the plan of the universe established an unequal distribution of strength and character, necessarily resulting in inequality in the conditions of men within the civil order†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (24) This document summed up the ancien regimes ideology: God has placed the king the clergy, and aristocracy above the common people and that is how it is, because that is how it has been.The words irrational, divine, and superstitious come up many times when describing the ancien regimes government and society; in fact, these things were actually integral to the maintenance of government and society in France during the ancien regime. Indeed, you could not have this form of government without divine law, irrational organization, and superstitious beliefs. The rumblings of the French Revolution began as rates of literacy increased.With the rise in literacy, the French people demanded more newspapers, and books, and as much as the aristocracy and Church tried to filter what the public read, the French people began to read the writings of philosophers like, Leibniz, Spinoza, Descartes, Voltaire, and Montesquieu. With this increase in literacy, and thus knowledge, the French people became more involved in politics than they originally had been. Now Louis the XVI was scrutinized for his actions, for his mishandling of his citizens finances.Now the people of France came to expect their King to act for his people in observance of laws, as a representative of the people, instead of a man who had divine superiority over them. William Doyle writes that: â€Å" in the eighteenth century these expectations were reinforced by the widespread conviction that since nature had herself (as Isaac Newton had shown) worked by invariable laws and not divine caprice, human affairs should also be conducted so far as was possible according to fixed and regular principles, rooted in rationality, in which the scope of arbitrariness was reduced to a minimum. To have a government and society â€Å"Rooted in rationality† was what th e French revolutionaries so passionately fought to attain. In his book Europe in Retrospect, Raymond F. Betts writes that â€Å"It must be remembered that the French Revolution was the first major social revolution, of far greater dimensions and of deeper purpose than the American Revolution that had preceded it. Betts continues to explain in his book that the ideology of the French Revolution was unique for its time in what it sought to accomplish, and what it stood for: â€Å"To sweep away the old and begin the new was the liberal solution; it was predicated upon the assumption that human nature was essentially good, mankind essentially rational, and the purpose of life the ‘pursuit of earthly happiness. † The assumption that humankind was rational was a belief that the revolutionaries espoused, but I would also say that the French Revolution was built on a belief that government, society, and the individual were all capable of thriving on reason, in part on the phil osophy of rationalism. Although many events that took place during the French Revolution were controversial, and at times the actions taken by the revolutionaries were irrational, the French Revolution originated from a place of enlightenment.Indeed, more specifically, from the philosophies of the Enlightenment, and while many of the philosophies of the Enlightenment contributed to the inception of the French Revolution, the philosophy of rationalism contradicted so much of pre-r revolutionary French society that to subscribe to rationalism at that time was a revolution in itself. Steven Kreis of The History Guide. com summarizes the eventual results of the Revolution eloquently stating that: â€Å"Man had entered a stage in human history characterized by his emancipation from superstition, prejudice, cruelty and enthusiasm.Liberty had triumphed over tyranny. New institutions were created on the foundations of reason and justice and not authority or blind faith. The barriers to fre edom, liberty, equality and brotherhood were torn down. Man had been released from otherworldly torment and was now making history! † Works Cited Cranston, Maurice. â€Å"The French Revolution: Ideas and Ideologies. † History Today. History Today, 1989. Web. 2 Apr. 2013. Doyle, William. The French Revolution: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: New York, 2001. Print.Kreis, Steven. â€Å"Lecture 11: The Origins of the French Revolution. † Lecture 11: The Origins of the French Revolution. The History Guide. com, 30 Oct. 2006. Web. 02 Apr. 2013. Lennon, Thomas M. , and Shannon Dea. â€Å"Continental Rationalism. † The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Fall 2012 ed. N. d. Web. â€Å"Rationalism Definition. † Oxford Dictionaries Online (US). N. p. , n. d. Web. 02 Apr. 2013. â€Å"Rationalism†. Encyclop? dia Britannica. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online. Encyclop? dia Britannica Inc. , 2013. Web. 02 Apr. 2013