Infant Of Age Five Child Care - 1661 Words

Infant to Age Five Child Care What are the goals of Early Head Start? The goals or priorities of this is to provide safe and developmentally enriching caregiving. To support parent, mother and father, in the role as primary caregivers. The teaching of the children, and family in meeting personal goals. Being able to successfully achieve self sufficiency across a wide variety of domains. Communities being mobilized to provide proper resources and environment that is necessary. But also, to ensure the provision of high quality responsive services for the family. The idea of this topic, is to show the types of things that should be looked for when choosing a child care center. When choosing a child care center for whom it may involve it†¦show more content†¦To mobilize the public to provide the resources and environment required to ensure an inclusive in an array of services. To make certain that the supply of high quality responsive services of family through the growth of t rained, and caring staff. All babies, and toddlers need positive early learning knowledge for their intellectual, social and emotional development and lay the foundation. Babies and toddlers who are living in high risk surroundings need supplementary support to elevate their healthy growth and development. When choosing Quality Child Care what should be looked for? While the children are treated by caregiving adults it shapes their development in significant ways, it is pivotal to find a childcare professional who both understands and nurtures the children s learning throughout their everyday moments the share with the care giver. For, instance if you walk into a child care center and see an adult who is not being loving but ill with the children would anyone want them caring for their child? When being asked the question whom ever it contains to needs to think about things such as is the caregiver going to be loving and responsive towards the child, or ill and unresponsive? A lovin g and responsive caregiver is one who will love

Sabermetrics Advanced Statistics in Baseball - 1880 Words

Advanced Statistics in Baseball Baseball statistics are meant to be a representation of a player’s talent. Since baseball’s inception around the mid-19th century, statistics have been used to interpret the talent level of any given player, however, the statistics that have been traditionally used to define talent are often times misleading. At a fundamental level, baseball, like any game, is about winning. To win games, teams have to score runs; to score runs, players have to get on base any way they can. All the while, the pitcher and the defense are supposed to prevent runs from scoring. As simplistic as this view sounds, the statistics being used to evaluate individual players were extremely flawed. In an attempt to develop more†¦show more content†¦Fundamentally, on-base percentage is an effective tool used to show how often a player reaches base. It does not, however, take all aspects of hitting into account. On-base plus slugging (OPS) and adjusted on-base percentage plus adjusted slug ging (OPS+) are two tools that are more precise and take into account a player’s ability to reach base and hit for contact and power. The formula to calculate OPS takes the formerly introduced OBP and adds it to a player’s slugging percentage (SLG), the amount of total bases (TB) a player collects during one at-bat (AB). SLG = TB / AB OPS = OBP + SLG The hitter’s full performance is fully encompassed by the OPS statistic because of the inclusion of the slugging percentage to the formula. Winning means scoring more than the other team and a team cannot win unless they are getting on base. Therefore, the team that gets more bases has a better chance of winning, but OPS is sometimes left up to factors out of the control of players such as varying sizes of stadiums. To neutralize variables not in control of the hitter, Sabermetricians developed OPS+. The league average OPS+ will always be 100, so if a player’s OPS+ rating is 100 he is an average player. Calculating OPS+ is slightly more difficult to than OPS. OPS+= (OBP/ lgOBP + SLG / lgSLG - 1) * 100 By dividing the player’s OBP and SLG by the respective league averages, factors like stadium dimensions are neutralized. The purpose of OPS+ is to put all hitters onto one evenShow MoreRelatedBaseball Operations For The Chicago Cubs1705 Words   |  7 Pagesrevolutionize baseball as we know it. These people, called sabermatricians, come wielding spreadsheets and calculators as their weapons of choice. Innovators like them are beginning to view baseball through a different set of lenses than the rest. Others have looked through statistical glasses or scouting spectacles, but their vision has never been optimal. People like them have the correct lenses, but they have not been using the lenses in the proper context. Theo Epstein, the President of Baseball OperationsRead MoreSabermetrics: Baseball by the Numbers1719 Words   |  7 PagesSabermetrics: Baseball by the Numbers Baseball has always been a game of numbers. Fans of the game have grown up being able to recite them by heart; Ted Williams’.406 batting average, Joe DiMaggio’s 56 game hitting streak, Babe Ruth’s 714 home runs. These numbers hold a special place in the history of the game. Statistics such as batting average, wins, home runs, and runs batted in have always been there to tell us who the best players are. Your favorite player has a .300 batting average? He’s anRead MoreLets Not Put A Cap On It1371 Words   |  6 Pagesmost debatable topics in Major League Baseball (MLB) is whether a salary cap should be implemented for each team in the league. A salary cap is an agreement between teams that places a limit on the amount of money that can be spent on player salaries (Britana). Of the three American major professional sports, football, baseball, and basketball, Major League Baseball is the only one that does not have a salary cap. There is more competitive ness with baseball than any other sport. As Demause statesRead MoreSports Is A Favorite Pastime Of Humans For Many Years1543 Words   |  7 Pagesbasketball and baseball, using statistical models, means, and averages to determine value. We have changed how we play and perceive these sports to find the most effective and efficient ways to play them. While scouts used to just go by the â€Å"eye test,† meaning how the player looks while he is playing, a solid amount of scouting now is based on the statistics of the player who they could possibly want. In baseball, this movement was started by Billy Beane, the manager of the A’s baseball team in OaklandRead MoreAnalysis Of Moneyball The Art Of Winning An Unfair Game By Michael Lewis1624 Words   |  7 Pages Major League Baseball has become to be known as America’s past time. This game is composed of building an organization based on a strategic plan that includes concepts discussed in our coursework that reac hes the ultimate goal, winning. The most common understanding of any sport is that the team who provides the largest budget and payroll on their team, the more successful that organization can become. Major League Baseball is currently the only sport that does not require a salary cap within theirRead MoreThe Between Math And Sports1680 Words   |  7 Pagespencil and a ruler. Access to a printer is helpful, but not required. Links are included for each quest to help you explore. In addition, there are links to sports and math resources at the bottom of this page. It s time to play ball! WebQuest 1 - Baseball Stats Part I: Batting Average The following tasks may require some of the sports resources listed near the bottom of this page. Try our Lessons on Decimals, then do the following: What is a batting average? How is a batting average calculatedRead MoreAssessing The Performance Of A Team1643 Words   |  7 Pagessports(Porreca). The use of analyzing statistics in sports is a fairly new concept, however statistics in sports have been kept for a little over 50 years. The idea to use analytics is so new that in 2005, only a couple of NBA teams had used high levels of statistical analysis to track players and tactics (Porreca). The first use of analyzing statistics to make decisions for a team was done by Billy Beane the Oakland Athletics’ General Manager in baseball during the year 2001. Beane developed aRead MoreThe Commodification Of Baseball Players1839 Words   |  8 PagesThe Commodification of Baseball Players English Culminating Clayton Lyons Over the years the great game of baseball has developed and evolved into much more than just â€Å"America’s Favourite Past Time†. It is now a globalized, highly profit-motivated industry that seems to have a greater interest in mass-producing players into their commodity chain. In today’s game there is a wide variety of ethnicities in the Major Leagues, ranging from the Dominican Republic and Cuba all the way to China, Korea and

Progression Of Women s Rights - 1229 Words

Progression of Women’s Rights The Gilded Age caused the solution of many problems to not happen. During this time, in the late 19th century, there was extreme corruption that was not being fixed. Soon, in 1890, the rise of progressivism took place, trying to fix the problems that were made. Many different progressive era reformers focused on many different issues and tried to mend the corruption relating to that specific topic. Women’s rights was a huge problem during this time, and two specific reformers tried to solve the problem. Progressive era reformers, Alice Paul and Margaret Sanger tackled the problem of women’s rights in similar ways. The Gilded Age caused many different problems, such as: corrupt business practices, workers rights, poverty, consumer protection, environmental protection, political corruption, ethnic issues, child labor, and finally, women’s rights. The Gilded Age was known for being a time of corruption in varying themes. The Gilded Age meant that everything looked fine on the outside but it was actually horribly corrupt if you scratch the â€Å"gilded† surface. Captains of industry controlled many large industries. Their tactics were not always fair, but there were few laws regulating business conduct at that time, causing corrupt business practices, political corruption, and workers rights issues. There was immense industrial and economic growth in America but the wealth did not help everyone. Although the wealth, there was still growing poverty inShow MoreRelatedThe World Progress Without The Progression Of Women s Rights Essay1051 Words   |  5 Pages Women, throughout the history of western civilization, have struggled to fight for their rights as equal citizens. The problem of gender inequality has been prevalent for centuries. The movement for equal opportunity has gained traction in different eras but is still far from complete. Today, we are faced with an America that has made a choice. It has made a choice for division, for stagnancy and for retrogression. Women have been subtly told that their value does not rest in politics, nor in businessRead MoreMass Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1453 Words   |  6 Pagesgenders or races overt time. Today, there continues to be a set standard in which most individuals are accustomed to view. Therefore, in the remaining of the paper, I will examine each decade from the 1950’s until the 2000’s and the depiction of gender roles in the media. The Postwar Booms The 1950’s was a time of advancement and complete simplicity. After World War 2, this gave rise to the economy as well as the so called â€Å"Baby Boom†. The media became a powerful medium as it publicized everythingRead MoreUnequal Rights For Women And Gender Inequality1732 Words   |  7 PagesUnequal rights for women and gender inequality have been a plague across European society since the dawn of time. It was not until the late eighteenth century that women’s rights activists, such as Mary Wollstonecraft, began to take action against this inequality. Through the perseverance of these activists, major reforms for equality began to arise during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, both being time periods that marked a profound era for women and the progression of women’s rights. DuringRead MoreThe Battle For Women s Suffrage896 Words   |  4 Pagesbattle for women s suffrage began in the late nineteenth century and continued throughout the mid t o late twentieth century. While twentieth century suffragettes and suffrage proponents argued made their case public through political forums and peaceful as well as not so peaceful protests, suffrage opponents merely had to continue going doing business the way they thought it should be done They did not have to hold forums or protests, they simply had to maintain society s belief that women are inherentlyRead MoreHow Medicine Changed American History1296 Words   |  6 Pageschanged American Society. The progression of medicine has impacted American lives in multiple ways. It has changed how the United States military uses medicine, how American scientists research medicine, and how everyday American citizens use medicine. Just 100 years ago, the people of the time period would not have been able to comprehend the medical advances that today’s society experiences, and what postmodern societies will continue to experience. Over time, the progression of medicine affected Am ericanRead MoreThe Fight For Women s Rights1711 Words   |  7 Pagesthat advocate the equal rights of women on all grounds. While the concept has been present for centuries, its magnitude in the United States has only become largely recognized throughout the 20th century. In particular, feminism has had its most lasting effects through two large waves in the early 1900’s, whilst fighting for women’s suffrage, and the 1960’s to 1970’s, which focused on women in the workplace and counteracting the submissive roles assigned to women in the 1950’s. These political battlesRead MoreA Historical Perspective: The Wage Gap1586 Words   |  7 Pagesseveral decades, most American women occupied a supportive, home oriented role within society, outside of the workplace. However, as the mid-twentieth century approached a gender role paradigm occurred. The sequence of the departure of men for war, the need to fill employment for a growing economy, a handful of critical legal cases, the Black Civil Rights movement seen and heard around the nation, all greatly influenced and demanded social change for human and women’s rights. This momentous period beganRead MoreHow Is The Handmaids Tale As A Dystopian Society1419 Words   |  6 Pageshuman, which that can be taken for granted; these features are: the freedom to think for one s self, as well as the ability to read and write; the capacity to have control over one s body, with or without influence from loved ones, or figures of authority, who use worker s bodies as if they were clay, in order to manipulate them for their own personal again; and finally, the ability to have the right for privacy and time alone. In order to grow as a person, as well as the ability to be multi-faceted;Read MoreThe Impact On The Women s Suffrage Movement1339 Words   |  6 PagesOf all the issues that were in the middle of reformation mid 1800’s, antislavery, education, intemperance, prison refor m, and world peace, women’s rights was the most radical idea proposed. The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 was a rally held by Elizabeth Cady Stanton with the common goal to eventually achieve equal rights among all citizens. Frederick Douglass, who became an acclaimed activist in the African American Equal Rights movement, accompanied the movement. Moreover, The Declaration of SentimentsRead MoreImpact Of Gloria Steinem On Feminism1259 Words   |  6 PagesGloria Steinem’s Impact on Feminism   Ã‚  Ã‚   The feminism movement throughout the 1900’s showed much progression to equality in western society. It was this pivotal century that set the ball rolling for important women’s rights, including women’s suffrage in 1920, John F. Kennedy passing the Equal Pay Act in 1963, and even sparked revolutionary women such as Amelia Earhart, one of the first female pilots. But like all new changes there was room for improvement. This is where great speakers such as journalist

Format for the Celebration Speech Free Essays

Format for the Celebration Speech Introduction: I. Attention GetterAn attention grabbing statement to get the audience interested in learning about your process II. Connection to the AudienceTell them why they should listen to you (i. We will write a custom essay sample on Format for the Celebration Speech or any similar topic only for you Order Now e. how does learning this process benefit them personally) III. Central Idea/ Thesis StatementA one sentence summary and preview of the entire speech, i. e. What are you teaching them? Body: * Transition Statement * I. Body Area Main IdeaA one sentence summary of the first body area A. Supporting MaterialInformation that confirms, illustrates, explains, etc. the main idea for the body area B. Supporting MaterialInformation that confirms, illustrates, explains, etc. the main idea for the body area * Transition Statement* II. Body Area Main IdeaA one sentence summary of the second body area A. Supporting MaterialInformation that confirms, illustrates, explains, etc. the main idea for the body area B. Supporting MaterialInformation that confirms, illustrates, explains, etc. he main idea for the body area * Transition Statement* III. Body Area Main IdeaA one sentence summary of the third body area A. Supporting MaterialInformation that confirms, illustrates, explains, etc. the main idea for the body area B. Supporting MaterialInformation that confirms, illustrates, explains, etc. the main idea for the body area * Transition Statement* Conclusion: I. Central IdeaRestate the central idea to review the main point of the speech II. Reconnect the Attention GetterReiterat e your attention getter. This makes your speech feel â€Å"complete†) Note: You have some leeway with how to format the body areas for this speech. A Celebration speech or an Informative speech is organized depending upon the information you are sharing about your topic. You should focus on interesting facts, uses, etc. about your topic and should NOT do a recounting of the chronological information about the topic. Audiences quickly become bored with this approach. How to cite Format for the Celebration Speech, Essay examples

Charles Dickens A Christmas carol Essay Example For Students

Charles Dickens A Christmas carol Essay Charles Dickens was born in Portsmouth on the 17th February 1812 even though he spent most of his childhood in London where he based many of his stories and novels. He became the editor of a magazine called Bentleys miscellany which me made instantly successful by his serialisation of Oliver Twist which was one of his most famous and most heard of novels. Stave one is all about introducing Scrooges personality to use and we quickly find out that he is a protagonist. He is elfish, miserly and a bitter old man. He is described in the first few pages (7 and 8) with cold, sharp and winter images such as ice and frost and these images are very ironic towards Scrooges cold icy grim, bitter and misanthropic character. He avoids all people and as much company as possible, he avoids beggars, market salesmen, children and even animals. He has a work clerk called Bob Cratchit who is very over worked and especially for the total of 15 shillings that Scrooge pays him each week even though Bob has a family of six people. Scrooge provides Bob Cratchit at work with a small coal fire which he wont even let Bob fill up with enough coal to keep Bob mildly warm in the winter conditions of Scrooges bitter, chilly office. Scrooge is even angry with Bob for asking for Christmas day off even though Bob works 364 days a year not including Christmas day. Scrooges nephew Fred the enters Scrooges office and makes a long and touching speech about Christmas and unwisely Bob claps at the speech which was a bad mistake as Scrooge gets very close to sacking Bob for that one incident there and then. Scrooge is unnecessarily rude and impolite towards Fred who just comes to see his uncle just to wish him a merry Christmas and ask him if he would like to join him and his fianci e for Christmas dinner. Then scrooge repeats his bad tempered catchphrase Bah Humbug and tries to get Fred to leave his office. He says, Everyone who celebrates should berried with a stake of holly through his heart and refuses to come and take up Fred on his invite to Christmas dinner and continues to say Goodbye. Next two gentlemen from a charity come to Scrooges office and ask him to give some money and scrooge refuses when they ask him how much he wants to pledge, Scrooge replies, Are there now work houses and no poor houses that they can go to then the men say yes there are but they would sooner die than go there, with that Scrooge replies then they better do it and decrease the surpluses population. Also the two men ask how much to give and he says nothing with the two men replying you wish to remain anonymous then scrooge says I wish to be left alone. He refuses to have his name out down (not because he wants to remain anonymous) but because he doesnt want to waste his money. The two men leave unhappy and amazed that scrooge can be so mean and miserly when he has so much money and when its Christmas too. After scrooge finishes work and has thrown a carol singer away from his office he goes and has dinner in a dark tavern then goes home to his called, lonely and dark house. Now in the story it starts to get ghostly and supernatural. As scrooge returns to his home and is about o unlock the front door he sees his old business partners face, Jacob Marley in the knocker of the door, which spooks scrooge but doesnt really affect him. Then scrooge goes into his house and hears some chains and bells ringing, and then all of a sudden he hears Jacob Marley. Scrooge is then reluctant to believe that it is Jacob and think she is imagining it. Marley then tells scrooge that then chains that he is wearing he forged in life through all the bad things he had done when he was living and if scrooge doesnt change then he will have the same fate as Marley. .u2f5b572821f8fcdc4181666a2574c672 , .u2f5b572821f8fcdc4181666a2574c672 .postImageUrl , .u2f5b572821f8fcdc4181666a2574c672 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2f5b572821f8fcdc4181666a2574c672 , .u2f5b572821f8fcdc4181666a2574c672:hover , .u2f5b572821f8fcdc4181666a2574c672:visited , .u2f5b572821f8fcdc4181666a2574c672:active { border:0!important; } .u2f5b572821f8fcdc4181666a2574c672 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2f5b572821f8fcdc4181666a2574c672 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2f5b572821f8fcdc4181666a2574c672:active , .u2f5b572821f8fcdc4181666a2574c672:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2f5b572821f8fcdc4181666a2574c672 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2f5b572821f8fcdc4181666a2574c672 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2f5b572821f8fcdc4181666a2574c672 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2f5b572821f8fcdc4181666a2574c672 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2f5b572821f8fcdc4181666a2574c672:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2f5b572821f8fcdc4181666a2574c672 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2f5b572821f8fcdc4181666a2574c672 .u2f5b572821f8fcdc4181666a2574c672-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2f5b572821f8fcdc4181666a2574c672:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Write an analysis of Baz Luhrman's opening sequence of Romeo and Juliet. How does it grab the audiences' attention? EssayMarley then goes and flies out of the window. Marleys ghost and a whole chorus other ghosts wailing and screaming outside scrooges window after he tells him that he will be visited by three ghost. Then scrooge gets visited by the first ghost, The ghost of Christmas past who takes scrooge to his old school and shoes him all his class mates and also when he worked for his old employer, Mr. Fezzywig and also when he was engaged to his fianci e but shoes the brake up between them. The next ghost to visit scrooge is The ghost of Christmas present who is big, cheerful, happy and charitable ghost, which is the complete opposite to scrooge. He shows Scrooge many things for example how Bob Cratchit have to live, how they celebrate or try and celebrate there Christmas and even though they have little if any money they are all happy and merry and Bob even finds it in his heart to toast Scrooge which Mrs Cratchit finds bad to say the least. He shoes scrooge how his nephew celebrates Christmas with his fianci e and friends. Finally he shows Scrooge two children called Want and Ignorance and finally the ghost blesses all men, beggars and prisoners, as they celebrate Christmas. The fourth and final ghost is the ghost of Christmas yet to come. This ghost is dressed all in black and has a black hood on so you cant even see his face. This ghost doesnt talk at all and makes Scrooge think for him self and work everything out on his own. He shows scrooge some people-talking bout the death of someone who they didnt care about and scrooge doesnt know its him. At the very end the ghost points to a grave, Scrooge goes to read the name on the grave, which is Ebenezer Scrooge. Scrooge wakes up in his own bed with all his own personal belongings and bed cloths. He opens the window and shouts to a young boy to ask what the day is  the boys says its Christmas day of cores and asks if the Prize winning turkey is down the street still and for sale, the boys says it is and Scrooge asks the boy if he can go and buy it for him and he will give him some money if he goes and gets it, the boy agrees and Scrooge throws down some money and off the boy runs as fast as possible. Finally in the play scrooge goes round to Bob Cratchits house with a giant turkey and have a large happy Christmas feast where tiny comes out with one of the most memorable and well known lines from the novel which is God bless us everyone. Overall I feel Scrooge meeting the ghost was a large area of change for Scrooge and overall had the largest part in playing when changing from a miserly old skin flint to a humble, happy and merry old man. Scrooge changes his ways as a result of the three ghosts and Jacob Marley. Scrooge becomes a better person overall and changes for the better and treats everyone nicely and like a human being even all the children especially Tiny Tim and Scrooge as the book says becomes like a second father to tiny Tim.

Philosophy What Is Justice Essays - Medical Ethics, Euthanasia

Philosophy: What Is Justice? What Justice? Can there be justice for all? To answer this question I must first define what justice is. Justice is the quality of being just, impartial or fair in your dealings with others according to Merriam Websters Collegiate Dictionary. Keeping that definition in mind, I now must turn to the Voices of Wisdom in order to find an example of a situation in which all parties feel that they are being treated justly. After examining examples such as: Euthanasia, discrimination based on sexual orientation, and equal opportunity offered within the book, it becomes clear to me that there is in fact no possible way for there to be justice for all because everyones judgement is in some way or another clouded by their own self interests. Euthanasia, people can decide exactly how they want to live but should we as a society allow them the right to decide exactly how they want to die? On the one hand you have the question is it just to kill someone or allow them to die when help is available? The obvious answer is no of course not. This is a prime example of why there can be no justice for all, because on the other hand you have the question is it fair to force someone to live through unbearable pain in anticipation of an agonizing death? The obvious answer to that question is also no. This is where our self-interests come into play. It is in the patients own self interests to die because it will ease her pain, but is not in mine to alleviate her of her life because death is final and irreversible, and because euthanasia contains within it the possibility that [I] will work against [my] own interest if [I] practice it or allow it to be practiced on [others]. (J. Gay-Williams, pp.185). This is why our own self-interests unavoidably will not allow us to have a just society. A society is only as equitable as the treatment accorded its most vulnerable members. Therefore, discrimination against anyone based on his or her sexual orientation is a clear and incurable symptom of an unjust society. For example, should someones sexual orientation be grounds for restricting their rights? (Daniel C. Palm) The impartial answer would of course be no, everyone should be treated the same. But we still hear the chant No gays or lesbians in the military. This is because it is in the self interests of the heterosexual people in the military have homosexuals in the military. The injustice of this idea becomes crystal clear when we examine the opposite statement of No heterosexuals in the military an idea that is equally ludicrous. (Kessler, pp.174) As a result of the way we instinctively treat those that are different because they are seen as a threat, our society is will remain perpetually unjust. (Richard E. Mohr) Because of widespread discrimination based not only on race, but also on sex, religion and sexual preference it is impossible for society to offer each and every individual a perfectly equal chance at opportunities such as hiring, promotion, housing, and educational practices that should be within their reach; as a consequence, it is impossible for society to be just for all. According to the formal principle of justice, it is required that benefits and burdens be distributed fairly according to relevant differences and similarities. (Kessler, pp.175) Using this principle it would seem that affirmative action programs of preferential treatment are in truth unjust to white males in that such programs require that all things being equal preferential treatment should be given to minorities and females which violates the formal principle of justice by not treating equal people equally. On the other hand, such preferential treatment programs are often justified by appeal to the principle of compensatory justice, which states that whenever an injustice has happened a just compensation must be made to those who have been injured. (Kessler, pp.194) According to that principle affirmative action should be considered just in relationship to minorities. As a result, because equal opportunity legislation is not in accordance with the best self-interests of most white males but it is in accordance with those of most minorities, this

The US government response to steel industry and union efforts to win protection from imports Essays

The US government response to steel industry and union efforts to win protection from imports Essays The US government response to steel industry and union efforts to win protection from imports Essay The US government response to steel industry and union efforts to win protection from imports Essay This case was the response of the US government to the domestic Steel Industry which had been facing downturns as a result of the falling profits, reduced prices, several bankruptcies and several thousands of jobs losses which has been affecting the industry since the year 1998, even though before 1998 also the condition of the US steel industry had started to decline. This state of the industry has been affecting the US governments headed by Bill Clinton as well as the Bush administration when it came into the White House in 2001. Such a trend in the domestic steel industry has been the result of the foreign imports which had been unfairly priced. In order to make the industry back to its normal position of profit-making, the representatives of the steel industry put forward before the Clinton   administration for Section 201 action, which is a trade ruling, which if proved to be successful would permit the President to bring about a steel quota or other me thods of far-reaching relief for the industry. However various critics of such relief measures stated that such measures would lead to misplacement as well as unjustified relief. Various analysts of the steel industry stated that such a situation of the US steel firms were because of the increased supply capacity present throughout the world and in US and also because various economists and consumers of steel had pointed out that cheap foreign steel was in fact good for US and the provision of quotas would affect trade retaliation. There was opinions as of the nature that if steel quotas was imposed by the US government it would tend to affect the export of steel from other countries which were actually depending on steel exports for the progress of their economy and would only be advantageous to the steel industry affecting the broader US economy. The foreign steel makers were of the view that the situation of the US steel industry was as a result of increased competition among the domestic firms and also because of an absence of consolidation. As the Clinton administration left without bringing about the case for Section 201 and the Bush administration was pressurized to bring about a comprehensive 201 trade investigation, the decisions of the Bush administration was expected to have wide-ranging effects for the steel industry of the country, for the entire US economy and for the country’s link with other foreign partners. When Bush administration came into power in 2001, even though the Steel Workers Union and Congressional Steel Caucus did not attempt to establish relationship with the President, they made all efforts in order to bring about protection for the industry. However it was expected that there would be attempts at promoting policies for free trade and that Bush would not allow for section 201 for protection of the steel industry. By March 2001, a broad-based coalition of steel associations emphasized for a comprehensive relief package for the declining steel industry and started to request the administration to bring about the case for section 201 or to find other measures which were compatible with the WTO regulations to tighten the imports into the country. There was a great demand for implementing section 201 as other measures of dumping cases was not proving to be effective. Even though it was expected that Bush administration would not implement the case for section 201, on 5 June, 2001, President Bush to the surprise of all and go by going against the free trade principles of the Republican Party, announced that his administration would bring out a case of section 201 for 33 kinds of steel imports. However this attempt of bringing about a case of section 201 was being criticized as being yielding into the pressure of the unions and industry. There was also criticism that such a move for section 201 would affect US consumers as well as steel consuming industries by putting a restriction on importing steel.   Critics argued that subsidies and protection would not create facilities for competitive industries. There was criticism that Bush was implementing the policy so as to garner support before the November mid-term elections and positioning Bush for the 2004 presidential elections. Such a move for section 201 also created dissatisfaction with the for eign trading partners, especially, EU. However Bush administration knew very well that the case for section 201 would ultimately violate the provisions of WTO law. And as a result the WTO dispute panel in May 2003 ruled that the safeguards being put forward by the US in all of the 10 types of steel imports were considered to be illegal. Later this ruling was also upheld by the appellate body of the WTO and this created appeals from foreign trade experts, members of the Congress, steel makers as well as steel union representatives. But Bush administration stood silent on the issue. However when the EU started its moves of retaliation, Bush administration was forced to terminate section 201, after a 20-month long period of tariffs against steel import. Such a move was considered to have brought an end to efforts of consolidation of the steel industry by the steel unions and on the other hand was the decision was upheld by the critics of section 201 that it would pave a way for free-trade efforts to promote the steel industry to be competitive. This case study shows the attempts at protecting the steel industry by the US government with measures at curtailing steel imports such as dumping which when proved ineffective being altered with the measure of section 201 so as to promote the domestic steel industry. These measures had to be adopted as the steel industry was badly hit by declining prices, falling profits and increased imports, and the Government had to intervene in order to protect and promote the domestic steel industry.